民主進步黨派系變遷之研究（1999~2005年）

Abstract

「派系之於政黨，猶如政黨之於國家」，人民可能對政黨、派系觀感不佳，但民主政治運作需要政黨、派系的存在。杭廷頓說：「一個有政黨組織的政權，即缺乏推動社會變遷和吸收變遷產生衝擊的制度方法，其實現政治、經濟和社會現代化的能力也相當有限」。因此，政黨、派系對政治發展具有關鍵的地位。 民進黨自1986年建黨以來，即以派系共治的型態存在，其相對穩定的派系結構，並以立法院黨團為派系領袖決策中心，黨中央負責黨綱擬訂、黨務行政與選舉工作。換言之，民進黨是一個穩定的派系共治的內造政黨，且以立法院黨團和中央黨部形成二元決策中心。其派系共治特性表現於政黨決策之上，即在決策形成前，各派系即使有不同的政策路線主張，但一旦派系透過政策辯論或領袖協商確定方向後，各派系即團結一致，對外採取共同立場。因此，派系不僅維持其政黨權力組合的平衡，成為政黨職務與選舉提名之分配基礎，也左右民進黨的決策方向。 唯自2000年民進黨贏得總統大選，取得執政地位，掌握政經資源分配權力以來，從任命唐飛組成「全民內閣」，因核四停建決策案而下台，到「少數政府」的成立，民進黨內各派系為權力運作方式而意見不一，乃至其黨內初選引發重大爭議等情形，也顯示民進黨的派系結構鬆動與權力重心移轉之過程，引發黨內權力競爭，進而影響政局安定的實際狀況。“Factions of a party is like parties of a country.” Citizens may have ill feelings for parties and factions; however, both parties and factions play important roles in the operation of democratic politics. According to Political Order in Changing Societies of Professor Samuel P. Huntington, a partyless regime lacks a system way to improve society changing and to absorb the impact after changing, and as well, its capacity to realize political ideal, economic goal, and social modernization is even limited. Thus, parties and factions are decisive of the political development. The DPP founded in 1986 has been dominated by factions. The factional structure is relatively stable. The DPP Legislative Yuan caucus is the policy-making center for factional leaders; the DPP Headquarters is responsible for the drafting of party charter, administration, and elections. In other words, the DPP is a stable Internally-created Party dominated by the factions. The DPP Headquarters and Legislative Yuan caucus form a binary policy-making center. The characteristics of a party dominated by the factions representing at the party policy making is that though factions have different opinions of a policy in the very beginning, once the policy goal is set up after a policy debate or factional leaders’ negotiation, all factions cohere and assume common standpoints externally. Therefore, the factions not only maintain DPP’s balance of power—share of the party personnel and allocation of every election nomination, but also affect DPP’s policy-making direction. The DPP won presidential election in 2000, became the ruling party, and assumed the power to allocate political and economic resources. Nevertheless, from “Non-partisan Government” to “Minority Government,” DPP factions have different opinions in the operation of power and disputes in primary election of the party, which reveals that the structure of factions works loose, the power game arises during power transitions, and moreover the political situation is influenced.