國民革命軍第29軍與平津抗戰

Abstract

本文旨在探討宋哲元的29軍在盧溝橋事變至平津抗戰中所扮演的關鍵性角色，要探究這個問題，中、日兩國在華北的角逐就至關重要，同時也必須探討以宋哲元為首的29軍是如何在中日競逐下脫穎而出，成為華北地區的重要力量。本文分三個部分，第一部分在闡明29軍崛起的因素、過程，以及如何取得中、日兩國政府的信任，從受改編的地方軍，一躍而成取代東北軍，進入華北政治中樞的武裝力量。另外，還有華北政局的複雜性，在華北五省皆非中央嫡系將領掌控的情形下，解釋華北當局分別與國府、日本、彼此之間的互動關係；第二部分在探討盧溝橋事變是如何從一個小型的地方衝突，升級成一個國與國之間的大戰，國民政府、日本政府、29軍各自的考量、行動、部署、優勢與局限性，都是其中的關鍵；第三部分在試著分析29軍從盧溝橋事變至平津作戰之間決策、指揮得失，重新檢討29軍的責任，最主要是針對29軍的主要指揮官，因29軍高層自身各有打算，上下階層對於抗日又有不同的想法，不齊心的結果導致在指揮上有一定的檢討空間，影響戰事的發展。

This thesis aims to explore the key role played by Song Zheyuan's 29th Army in the Marco Polo Bridge Incident to the Sino-Japanese War in Beiping and Tianjin the, to explore this issue, the competition between China and Japan in North China is crucial, and it is also necessary to explore how the 29th Army led by Song Zheyuan stood out under the Sino-Japanese competition and became an important force in North China. This thesis is divided into three parts, the first part of which explains the factors and the rise of the 29th Army, and how to gain the trustof the Chinese and Japanese governments, from the reorganized local army to the armed force that replaced the Northeast Army and entered the political center of North China. In addition, there is the complexity of the political situation in North China, explaining the interaction between the North China authorities and the Japan government, and each other in the case that the five provinces of North China are not controlled by the Chinese Government; The second part explores how the Marco Polo Bridge Incident escalated from a small local conflict to a major war between countries, and the respective considerations, actions, deployments, advantages and limitations of the National Government, the Japanese Government, and the 29th Army were the key to it; The third part is try to analyze the decision-making and command of the 29th Army between the Marco Polo Bridge Incident and the Sino-Japanese War in Beiping and Tianjin, and re-examine the responsibilities of the 29th Army, most of all aiming at the main commanders of the 29th Army, because the commanders of the 29th Army has its own plans, the senior officers and low-ranking officers, soldiers have different ideas about fighting the Sino-Japanese War, and the result of disunity led to certain mistakes in command, which affected the development of the war.