台灣地區網球單打技術型態探源

Abstract

本研究之目的在瞭解國內優秀男女網球選手技術型態的現況與演進發展情形，作為國內網球教練及選手在訓練上，參考及選擇的依據，進而提升國內網球選手的成績表現。根據研究者針對國內歷代球王進行訪談與實地於選手比賽時訪談之記錄及錄影帶回溯法，詳細記錄選手比賽情形，所得的資料進行綜合分析與歸納得到以下的結論。

在國內外網球單打技術型態差異方面，研究者發現國內男子選手在發球後回底線的步法、第二接發球站立位置、上網和全面型選手反拍持拍和發球托球與擊球等四個技術型態方面，與國外頂尖選手有所差異。國內女子選手在發球後回底線和上網的步法、第二接發球站立位置、反拍持拍等四個技術型態方面，與國外頂尖選手有所不同。

在國內網球技術型態演進發展狀況方面，研究者發現在學習路徑上，球王早期雖受到日本或軟式網球影響，但學習過程大致都是透過自行摸索或者和同伴研究，慢慢開始有接觸書籍、影帶，一直到後期，才有學校球隊訓練以及較多的短期出國集訓或比賽。在技術傳承上，國內沒有很明確的傳承策略和理論的主軸，也不很清楚技術型態所代表的意義是什麼，為什麼要這樣用，用完有什麼結果，一般是比較浮面性的模仿，教練長期全面性和理論性設計的介入比國外少。球王之間代與代球技影響並不大，因為縱的傳承比較少，都是橫的受到隊友和外國模擬對象的影響較多。球王在接受訓練的過程也大都依靠本身天分和自行摸索練習，反而國內教練扮演的角色並不如國外教練來得重要。

The purpose of this research is to investigate current skill patterns and the development of domestic elite tennis players in an attempt to provide local coaches and players reference and options in terms of training, and improve local tennis players' level. Based on interviews with local tennis champions, contestants on tennis courts, retrospective videotapes, and observation of games, the researcher has reached conclusions as follows.

The differences between skill patterns of local and foreign tennis players, the researcher has noticed that local male tennis players are different from foreign elite players in four ways: steps following serving, stance after the second serve, backhand grip, and toss. Local female tennis players are different from foreign elite players in four ways: steps following serving back to baseline, steps to the net, stance after the second serve, backhand grip , and toss.

Even though there are influences from soft tennis, the researcher has found that most of the domestic ex-champions have learned tennis on his own or studied with peers in the beginning years. Then they dabbled in books, videotapes, joined school teams, played and trained abroad. In terms of the inheritance of skills, there are problems in the strategies and methods. Methods and axiom of inheritance hardly exist in local; domestic tennis players often imitate without knowing why to adapt such skills and what the results are. Long-term and theoretical design of coaches are much fewer than foreign coaches'. Champions of tennis in different generations hardly interacts, because instead of the existence of vertical inheritance, players often imitate peers and foreign players. They often trained by themselves, and coaches did not play an important role like foreign coaches.