台北市某科技職場員工全穀類食物攝取行為及其相關因素研究

Abstract

本研究旨在探討台北市某科技職場員工全穀類食物攝取行為現況，並分析影響職場員工攝取全穀類食物心理因素、知識、人口學變相等相關因素。 本研究為橫斷式調查法，簡單隨機取樣方式，並以台北市某科技公司全體員工為母群體，其有效問卷回收265份，資料整理以SPSS 18.0進行統計分析。研究結果得重要發現如下： 一、 研究對象其學歷多為大學以上，全穀類食物相關知識頗高。 全穀類食物攝取階段多集中於沉思前期，而沉思前期、沉思期男性比女性多，行動期、維持期女性比男性多，已有規律攝取全穀類食物者僅14%，自覺健康狀態趨向正向。 二、 全穀類食物攝取之社會支持來自家人支持度高於朋友支持，但整體社會支持分數偏低；對於全穀類食物之自覺利益得分頗高，自覺障礙具有中等程度的障礙存在。 三、 研究對象之自覺健康狀態依教育程度、年齡不同而有顯著差異； 研究對象之社會支持會依性別、年齡別分別、教育程度不同而會有顯著差異；研究對象之全穀類食物自覺利益會依性別、年齡別分別不同而會有顯著差異；研究對象之全穀類食物自覺障礙會依性別、學歷分別不同而會有顯著差異。 四、 全穀類食物知識、家人社會支持、全穀類食物自覺障礙可有效預測全穀類食物攝取行為。 依研究結果，建議未來推動增加職場員工全穀類攝取時其重點可著重全穀類食物營養知識授予、增加社會支持與環境社會支持、並且依照不同行為階段給予不同教育策略。

The purpose of this study is to understand the whole grains intake behaviors and to identify the influencing factors. A cross sectional survey of employees of a high-tech company in Taipei was carried out. 265 valid surveys were collected. The data was analysed with SPSS, version 18.0. The study found that 1. The participants are mostly college educated or higher, and with good knowledge of whole grains. Most of them are in the beginning of precontemplation stage of whole grain intake. There are more male than female in the stages of “precontemplation” and “contemplation”, and more female than male in the stages of “action” and “maintenance”. Only 14% consumes whole grains regularly and are with positive perceptive health status. 2. The social support to consume whole grains food are mostly from the families, while the total social support score is low. The perceived benefits score of whole grains are high, and the perceived barriers score of whole grains are medium. 3. The perceived health status showed significant difference among education, and age. The social support showed significant difference among gender, age, and education. The perceived benefit of whole grains showed significant difference among gender and age. The perceived barriers of whole grains showed significant difference among gender and education. 4. The whole grains intake behavior of the participants can be effectively predicted through their knowledge of whole grains, family and social support, and the perceived barriers of whole grains. 5. The abnormality of waist circumference and blood pressure of the participants can be effectively predicted through their whole grains intake behavior. There are few recommendations based on the study results for future promoting whole grains diet at workplace. To put the most effort on educating beneficial facts of whole grains. To increase social and environmental support. To take different education strategies for the audience in different stages of change in whole grain consumption.