女同志運動參與考量因素、身份認同、現身情形對運動參與意願之研究

Abstract

本研究旨在探討女同志運動參與情形、運動參與考量因素、身份認同、現身情形與運動參與意願的現況與分析，透過紙本問卷及網路問卷調查，以282位參與運動及運動聚會的女同志為研究對象，以描述性統計、單因子變異數分析、F考驗、薛費事後比較、皮爾遜積差相關及多元逐步迴歸進行統計分析，並針對調查結果，從受試者中選出11位受訪者，進行第二階段訪談，最後將訪談結果與統計結果綜整討論後獲得以下結論： 一、臺灣的運動情境對女同志而言尚屬和善，女同志活躍在運動場域中，其月收入、學歷、運動等級、運動參與頻率皆高於我國一般女性，且不同性屬女同志呈現出不同、多元的生命丰采。 二、女同志參與運動考量有其特殊性，以「運動訴求」與「同志活動與認同」為主要考量因素，且認為運動參與對女同志身份認同有正面影響，在參與一般運動時之現身程度最低，參與運動聚會時之現身程度趨近於完全公開。 三、參與運動女同志之工作環境異性戀意識愈強、年紀愈大、學歷愈高、Ｔ性愈弱，其運動參與意願及行為受影響的程度愈高。 四、本研究證實運動參與考量因素、身份認同與現身情形三者之間存在顯著正相關，且會影響其運動參與意願及行為；而「運動訴求」、「同志活動與認同」、「社會認同」與「參與運動聚會的現身情形」等因素對女同志運動參與意願最具預測力。

最後，本研究指出運動場域中拉子存在的事實及其所擁有的市場潛力與價值，並擬出提升女同志參與運動及運動聚會之具體策略。This research aimed to explore the present situation and the consideration of the lesbians to participate in sports, their identity, their volition to come out and the willingness to participate in sport.. Data collected through the use of a specially designed paper and internet questionnaire of 282 lesbians, and in depth interviews from 11 of them, were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, F-test, scheffe, Pearson's correlation, and stepwise regression, and concluded from the results of the contents of the statistic data and the interview :

1. The sports environment in Taiwan was considerably friendly to lesbians, and lesbians were rather active in sports fields. The salary per month, record of normal schooling, sports skill level, and frequency of sports-taking of these lesbians is sports were also comparably higher than females and other lesbians in Taiwan in general. Lesbians of different sex belongings present life styles in great variety in sports. 2. Two major factors of the lesbians participating in sports were "sports demands" and "identity and activity of the lesbian ". They thought participation in sports had a positive influence on their identity of the lesbians. They had the most willingness to come out in sports gatherings, however, had the least willingness to come out in usual sports occasions. 3. This study confirmed the positive correlations among the consideration to participate in sports, identity, and the occasions to come out. These three factors also affect the willingness and behaviors of the lesbians to participate in sports. The most predictive factors of the willingness of the lesbians to participate in sports were "sports demands", "identity and activity of lesbians", "social identity", and "the situation for the lesbians to come out in sports gatherings".