臺灣海洋遊憩水肺潛水者與衝浪者在親環境行為比較之研究

Abstract

海洋環境汙染和生物棲地破碎化議題，此刻正形成全人類必需去面對的海洋重要課題；而海洋中的珊瑚產生白化和破碎化的現象，除了因為自然颱風、海嘯的原因；有很大的成因係因人類行為，例如海洋遊憩、底拖網拖吊，或是不當獵捕而造成。上述議題，係為全球海洋國家皆關注之焦點，然而在珊瑚保育的前提下，如何減少人為破壞，如何讓親海、近海人士培養親環境行為，係為本研究需要強調的焦點；因此，本研究特別針對接觸珊瑚的遊憩人員其親環境行為之探討，進行實務操作之內涵剖析。本研究運用新環境典範量表（New Environmental Paradigm Scale, NEP）來研究水肺潛水及衝浪這二種海洋遊憩者，收集水肺潛水問卷712份，衝浪問卷541份，研究對於海洋認知及行為反應進行分析。並進而了解環境素養與海洋認知在海洋親環境行為及優質的海洋遊憩行為所產生的各項結果。研究結果顯示出水肺潛水和衝浪這二種海洋遊憩行為，在促成好的海洋遊憩行為及海洋親環境行為上是有差異的。在水肺潛水的海洋遊憩行為，可以透過新環境典範量表中的觀念及海洋認知，以促進良好的海洋遊憩行及海洋親環境行為；惟衝浪則僅能透過海洋認知的加強來促進。本研究顯示不同的遊憩行為，必需透過不同的教育方法及教材，來進行才能對環境保護有所助益。以目前的海洋環境教育方式，並未能達到此一目標，爰此本研究提供未來提升海洋教育成效，以及達到海洋保育之諏議。Environmental degradations on marine as well as under beneath the deep waters have become a critical issue that all human beings must face, and the phenomenon of coral bleaching in the ocean, in addition to natural causes, is largely related to human misconducting for their behaviors, which is currently occurred around the whole world. Of issues concerned, however, in the context of coral conservation, reducing human damage is the most fundamental consideration, and under such circumstances, this study of the pro-environmental behaviors (PEBs) of people who encounter coral reefs becomes a very critical study.Therefore, this study used the New Environmental Paradigm Scale (NEP) to study two types of ocean recreationists, scuba diving and surfing. I collected 712 scuba diving questionnaires and 541 surfing questionnaires to study their knowledge and behavioral responses to the ocean perform analysis, and to understand the various consequences of environmental literacy and marine literacy in marine pro-environmental behaviors and high-quality marine recreational behaviors. The research results show that scuba diving and surfing are two types of marine recreational behaviors that are different in promoting good marine recreational behaviors and marine pro-environmental behaviors. Ocean recreation behavior in scuba diving can be promoted through the concepts and ocean literacy in the New Environmental Model Scale to promote good ocean recreation and ocean pro-environmental behaviors, while surfing can only be promoted through the enhancement of ocean literacy. This study shows that different recreational behaviors must be carried out through different educational methods and teaching materials in order to be beneficial to environmental protection. The current method of marine environmental education cannot achieve this goal. This study provides a suggestion for improving the effectiveness of marine education and achieving marine conservation in the future.