大台北地區中年人保健食品食用行為及其相關因素之研究

Abstract

本研究主要目的在瞭解中年人保健食品食用行為之現況及影響因素。研究採取問卷調查法，針對居住在台北縣市40到65歲的中年人，以立意取樣的方式獲得有效樣本406份。研究工具包含「保健食品食用行為之情形」、「社會支持量表」、「保健食品相關報導量表」、「自身保健之道量表」、「保健食品結果期待量表」、「健康食品認知測驗量表」、「生活型態與健康狀態之現況」及「個人背景資料」八部分。研究結果發現：近六成中年人目前有在食用保健食品，且多數為規律食用；但對保健食品認知不足，並與藥品混淆。其保健食品食用行為之主要社會支持是家人提供；保健食品相關訊息主要來源是電視；食用的主要原因是補充食物缺乏的營養成分，而不食用的主因則是價格昂貴及不必要。性別、實際健康狀況、教育程度、職業等級、宗教信仰、保健食品相關報導、家人支持、結果期待、保健態度、家人購買、親友贈禮、自己購買皆與中年人保健食品食用行為有關，其聯合預測力高達66.2%；以自己購買之預測力最大，其次是家人購買和結果期待。結果期待可視為中年人保健食品食用行為最重要的中介因素，許多因素均透過他影響中年人的保健食品食用行為。實際健康狀況較差、教育程度較高、職業等級較低、宗教信仰佛教或道教、對保健食品相關報導較有反應、受到家人提供較多的保健食品支持、對保健食品結果期待較高、保健態度傾向食用保健食品、較常收到他人贈送保健食品和自己多主動購買保健食品的女性較規律食用保健食品。This research aims to investigate the current status and the factors affecting the consumption of health food among the middle-aged (age 40 to 65) in Taipei area, including Taipei City and County. Four hundred and four valid questionnaires were collected through purposive sampling. The questionnaire consisted of eight issues including “consumption of health food,” “social support,” “mass media reportage,” “principle of health maintenance,” “outcome expectancy of health food,” “knowledge on health food,” “current life style and health condition,” and “demographic information.” Result of this research indicates: 1) although nearly 60% of the middle-aged take health food regularly, they lack knowledge about health food and confuse it with medicine; 2) Family members consolidate social support by providing the health food; 3) Advertisement on TV is the mainresource of information about health food; 4) Provision for the insufficient nutrients from food was the main reason for consuming health food, while price as well as lack of necessity were reasons for not consuming health food. The results of the regression analysis concludes that gender, health condition, education, profession, religion, media reportage, familial support, outcome expectancy, principle of health maintenance , provision from family members, gifts from relatives and friends, and self purchasing explain 66.2% of variance of the consumption of health food in middle aged. Self purchasing is the major predictor, followed by familial support and outcome expectancy. Outcome expectancy probably mediates various variables related to the consumption. Those middle-aged who is in poor health, better education, religious believes in Taoism or Buddhism, being reactive to media reportage, higher degree of familial support with the provision of health food, higher expectancy on health food, prefer to intake health food as means of health care, receive health food as gifts more frequently, female, self purchasing health food more frequently tend to intake health food more regularly.