有鳥有鳥在清宮--從金昆《有鳥詩意圖冊》看寶親王的政治意圖與自我呈現

Abstract

《有鳥詩意圖冊》計二十開，為左書右圖的冊頁作品，對開書法為梁詩正題寶親王詩文，詩文收錄《樂善堂全集》，題名〈有鳥二十章〉，於雍正10年（1732年）春天製作完成，而整套冊頁則由宮廷畫家金昆完成於雍正13年（1735年）。綜觀整套圖冊，金昆將二十開畫作中主要描繪的鳥，置於山水、建築、雲霧等自然背景中，為詩中不同鳥禽營造相異的活動場景，形成一幅具情境式的清宮新型態花鳥畫冊頁。本文試圖從金昆《有鳥詩意圖冊》入手，觀看寶親王製作此套冊頁欲展現的學習成果，及其利用冊頁中特殊的圖繪方式，企圖達到的政治意圖與自我呈現。

Poetic Thoughts on Birds (Youniao shiyi 有鳥詩意) is an album consisting of twenty leaves, each of which contains a poem written on the left and its illustrated image on the right. The poems were composed by Prince Bao (Bao qingwang寶親王, 1711-99), the future Qianlong emperor (r. 1736-95), in the spring of 1732, and written by one of his tutors, Liang Shizheng 梁詩正(1697-1763) who was famous for his calligraphy. Jin Kun金昆, a court painter, finished the illustrations of these poems in 1735. In this album, Jin Kun depicts the birds in natural and architectural settings associated with the time-honored meanings of twenty species of birds in the Han culture. Jin Kun endeavored to produce diversified images and create a new type of bird-and-flower painting by emphasizing the culturally contextualized meanings of various birds. Focusing on Jin Kun’s Poetic Thoughts on Birds, this research aims to understand how Prince Bao presented himself as a learned and high-minded scholar. Meanwhile, the political messages conveyed in the album also demonstrate that Prince Bao was conscious of the political agenda and personal predilection of his father, the reigning Yongzheng emperor (r. 1723-35).