單次性SMR神經回饋訓練對於不同技能水平高爾夫選手推桿表現之影響

Abstract

神經回饋訓練 （Neurofeedback training, NFT） 是一種非侵入式幫助參與者有意識控制腦波，提高注意力、放鬆和自我效能的方法。感覺動作節律（Sensorimotor rhythm, SMR）活化與動作執行自動化和外部運動感覺相關。過去研究表示SMR NFT能提高運動表現，然而，鮮少探討單次性神經回饋訓練對業餘高爾夫選手的影響或研究影響運動表現的可能心理機制。本研究共招募50名職業和業餘高爾夫球手。經組間設計、交叉實驗方式決定參與者的次序。參與者被要求進行10英呎、共60球推桿任務，同時在推桿前後記錄腦電圖 （electroencephalography, EEG）。本研究另利用視覺類比量表評估與SMR節律相關的心生理狀態。與控制情境相比，職業組經NFT訓練後在推桿表現 （p = .001）與SMR功率（p = .002）皆有顯著提升，主觀量表也顯示經過神經回饋訓練後注意力（p< .000）、控制程度（p < .000）較低，並且更加放鬆（ p = .009 ）；同樣地，業餘組經NFT訓練後在推桿表現（p = .002) 與SMR功率（ p < .000）皆有顯著提升，主觀量表也顯示經過神經回饋訓練後注意力（p = .026）、控制程度（p = .019）較低，並且更加放鬆（p = .002）。本研究支持單次性SMR 神經回饋訓練能夠有效提升SMR功率並促進高爾夫選手的推桿表現，並且提供影響SMR 神經回饋訓練對推桿表現的潛在機制與初步證據。

Neurofeedback Training （NFT） is a non-invasive method aimed at assisting participants in consciously controlling their brain waves to enhance attention, relaxation, and self-efficacy. The activation of Sensorimotor Rhythm （SMR） is associated with motor execu-tion automation and external movement sensation. Previous studies suggests that SMR NFT can improve motor performance; however, there is limited exploration of the impact of a sin-gle session of neurofeedback training on amateur golfers or the potential psychological mechanisms influencing athletic performance. Forty right-handed professional and amateur golfers were recruited for this study. A between-group design and a crossover experimental design were employed to determine the order of participant involvement. Participants were tasked with a 10-foot, 60-putt task, with concurrent electroencephalography （EEG） recordings taken before and after putting. Additionally, VAS scales were utilized to assess psychophysiological states related to SMR rhythm. In comparison to the control condition, the professional group demonstrated significant improvements in putting performance ( p = .001 ) and SMR power ( p = .002 ) after NFT training. VAS scales assessments also revealed enhanced attention ( p< .000 ), reduced control（p < .000）, and increased relaxation（p = .009）following NFT. Similarly, the amateur group exhibited significant enhancements in putting performance （p = .002）and SMR power （p < .000）post NFT training. VAS scales assessments indicated improved attention（ p = .026）, reduced control（p = .019）, and increased relaxation （p = .002）after neurofeedback training. This study supports the efficacy of a single-session SMR neurofeedback training in enhancing SMR power and promoting putting performance in golfers. Additionally, it provides preliminary evidence regarding the potential mechanisms influencing the impact of SMR neurofeedback training on putting performance.