依附與其相關因素之後設分析──台灣近二十年文獻的研究

Abstract

本研究以後設分析方法，統整國內過去量化文獻中各種因素與子女對母親的依附關係考驗結果，並探討其中可能的調節變項，最後提出後設分析的因素結果模型。本研究被選入的文獻計有 23 篇，從中找出用來後設分析的統計結果計有 110 個，超過 43500 人次的樣本。後設分析的結果發現國內過去量化文獻中：（一）男生與母親間不安全依附的關係，顯著大於女生與母親間不安全依附；（二）孩子的家庭結構若完整（非單親），其對母親的安全依附間有顯著的正向關係及小效果值；（三）母親接納關懷的教養行為，與子女對母親的安全依附間有顯著的正向關係及大效果值；其對母親的不安全依附間也有顯著的負向關係與中上的效果值；（四）母親鼓勵獨立的教養行為，與母親的不安全依附間則有顯著的負向關係與中度的效果值；（五）母親對其原生家庭母親的安全依附，與其子女對她的安全依附之間，有顯著的正向關係，兩代間不安全依附亦同。亦即，安全依附和不安全依附都有顯著的代間傳遞現象。

Using meta-analysis, this study reviews results of past qualitative studies in Taiwan that examined factors of maternal attachment toward delineating moderating variables and postulating a post-hoc structural analytic model. The final analysis was based on 23 articles, 110 statistical results, and more than 43500 individuals from combined samples. Results indicated that: (a) Insecure attachment between male and their mothers far exceeded that between female and their mothers; (b) children from intact family (not including single-parent families) have significantly more secure maternal attachment (small effect size); (c) maternal parenting behaviors that were accepting and caring have significant positive relationships with children’s secure maternal attachment (large effect size) and significant negative relationship with children’s insecure maternal attachment (above average effect size); (d) parenting behaviors characterized by mothers who encouraged autonomy has significant negative relationship with children’s insecure maternal attachment (medium effect size); and (e) secure attachment between mothers and their family of origin has significant positive relationship with secure attachment between mothers and their children, and vice versa. In other words, secure and insecure attachment with family of origins has significant cross-generational transmission effect.