己婚男性的性別角色態度、婚姻滿意度及父職參與之研究－以國中學生父親為例

Abstract

本研究目的在於瞭解已婚男性的性別角色態度、婚姻滿意度及父職參與之現況，並探討影響已婚男性父職參與的因素。為達上述研究目標，本研究以台北市 12 個行政區中之國中學生父親 850 名為研究對象，使用「男性性別角色態度量表」、「婚姻滿意度量表」及「父職參與量表」為研究工具，調查所得資料以描述性統計分析、t 考驗、單因子變異數分析、Pearson 積差相關、多元迴歸分析等統計方法進行資料分析，主要結果發現如下： 一、國中學生父親對其自身男性性別角色的看法持較傳統的態度。 二、國中學生父親對其目前的婚姻普遍感到滿意。 三、國中學生父親的父職參與程度大致良好。 四、國中學生父親之教育程度、妻子是否就業不同，在男性性別角色態度上有顯著差異，而家庭社經地位、子女數與男性性別角色態度間有顯著相關。 五、國中學生父親之職業狀況不同，在婚姻滿意度上有顯著差異，而家庭社經地位與婚姻滿意度間有顯著相關。 六、國中學生父親之教育程度、職業狀況、家庭結構、妻子是否就業不同，在父職參與上有顯著差異，而家庭社經地位與父職參與間有顯著相關。 七、家庭社經地位、家庭結構、男性性別角色之追求剛強態度、男性性別角色之忌諱女性化態度、婚姻滿意度，此五個變項對國中學生父親的父職參與有顯著解釋力。 本研究根據以上結果提出建議，作為已婚男性、家庭生活教育相關單位、社會環境及未來研究之參考。The purposes of this study are to understand the married men’s male gender-role attitudes, marital satisfaction and paternal involvement as well as to explore factors that influence the married men’s paternal involvement. The subjects were 850 fathers of schoolchildren from 12 junior high schools in Taipei City. The measurements applied in this study included Male Gender-Role Scale, Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale, and Paternal Involvement Scale. The data from the questionnaire were statistically analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation, and multiple linear regression. The major findings of this study were as follows: 1、In general, the married men of children studying in junior high tended to have traditional male gender-role attitudes. 2、In general, the married men of children studying in junior high tended to have higher marital satisfaction. 3、In general, the married men of children studying in junior high tended to have higher paternal involvement. 4、The married men’s educational level as well as whether their wives work or not are found to lead a significant difference in male gender-role attitudes. It is also noted that the family socio-economic status has a significant correlation with male gender-role attitudes, and that children’s number has a significant correlation with male gender-role attitudes. 5、The married men’s vocational level is found to lead a significant difference in marital satisfaction. It is also noted that the family socio-economic status has a significant correlation with marital satisfaction. 6、The married men’s educational level, vocational level, family structure, and whether their wives work or not are found to lead a significant difference in paternal involvement. It is also noted that the family socio-economic status has a significant correlation with paternal involvement. 7、The family socio-economic status, family structure, male gender-role attitudes toward toughness, male gender-role attitudes toward anti-femininity, and marital satisfaction are found to predict paternal involvement. Suggestions are made according to the results shown above for the married men, family life education organizations, social environment, and future studies.