不同視覺障礙程度學生身體組成、肌力肌耐力與柔軟度之比較研究
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本研究之目的為探討不同視覺障礙程度學生在身體組成、肌肉適能與柔軟度之差異。研究對象為國立台中啟明學校高中部（15～23歲）學生，共85人，其中全盲39人（男27人，女12人），弱視46人（男24人，女22人），控制組為國立北斗家商以隨機抽樣之15～21歲學生共 85人（男51人，女34人）。研究方法為依性別和視障程度分為六組，實施檢測之項目，包括身體質量指數（BMI）、坐姿體前彎、一分鐘屈膝仰臥起坐等項目，比較其差異。
研究結果發現：一、全盲男生在身高、體重與一分鐘屈膝仰臥起坐項目和全盲女生達顯著水準（p<.05）；二、弱視男生在身高與一分鐘屈膝仰臥起坐項目和弱視女生達顯著水準（p<.05）；三、一般男生在身高、體重與一分鐘屈膝仰臥起坐項目和一般女生達顯著水準（p<.05）；四、一般男生與弱視男生在身高與身體質量指數項目達顯著差異（p<.05）；五、一般男生與全盲男生在身高、坐姿體前彎與一分鐘屈膝仰臥起坐項目達顯著水準；六、一般女生在身高與身體質量指數項目和弱視女生達顯著水準（p<.05）；七、一般女生在身高與一分鐘屈膝仰臥起坐項目和全盲女生達顯著水準（p<.05）。
國內視覺障礙學生在身體發展與體能方面普遍較一般學生差。啟明學校教師在實施體育教學時，應了解各位學生的身體能力，以學校現有的場地設施，實施體育教學活動，以增進視覺障礙學生之體能，以期能適應日常生活。
The purpose of this study is to investigate the different of body mass index, muscular strength and endurance and flexibility of visually impaired students with different degree. The subjects are 85 senior students in National Tai-Chung City School for the Visually handicapped, age 15~23, include 39 blinds students (27 males, 12 females) and 46 weak sighted students (24 male, 22 female), and 85 students by random sampling (51 males, 34 females), age 15~21, in National Peitou senior Home Economic& Commercial Vocational High School. The subjects in comparison are divided into 6 groups according to gender and the degree of visual impairment. The items of the test include height, weight, body mass index (B.M.I.), sit-and-reach, sit-ups. The results are as follows： 1) Blind males are significantly different in the items of height, weight and sit-ups with blind females (p<.05). 2) Weak sighted males are significantly different in the items of height and sit-ups with weak sighted females (p<.05). 3) Sighted males are significantly different in the items of the height, weight and sit-ups with sighted females (p<. 05). 4) Sighted males are significantly different in the item of weight and BMI with weak sighted males (p<. 05). 5) Sighted males are significantly different in the item of height, sit-and-reach and sit-up with blind males. 6) Sighted females are significantly different in the items of height and BMI with weak sighted females (p<. 05). 7) Sighted females are significantly different in the items of height and sit-ups with blind females (p<. 05). Visually impaired students are commonly worse then sighted students in physical development and physical abilities. The teachers in the school for the Visually handicapped should know the physical abilities of the students in the teaching of physical education, and to prove physical abilities of visually impaired students with places and installations in the school to adapt the daily life.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the different of body mass index, muscular strength and endurance and flexibility of visually impaired students with different degree. The subjects are 85 senior students in National Tai-Chung City School for the Visually handicapped, age 15~23, include 39 blinds students (27 males, 12 females) and 46 weak sighted students (24 male, 22 female), and 85 students by random sampling (51 males, 34 females), age 15~21, in National Peitou senior Home Economic& Commercial Vocational High School. The subjects in comparison are divided into 6 groups according to gender and the degree of visual impairment. The items of the test include height, weight, body mass index (B.M.I.), sit-and-reach, sit-ups. The results are as follows： 1) Blind males are significantly different in the items of height, weight and sit-ups with blind females (p<.05). 2) Weak sighted males are significantly different in the items of height and sit-ups with weak sighted females (p<.05). 3) Sighted males are significantly different in the items of the height, weight and sit-ups with sighted females (p<. 05). 4) Sighted males are significantly different in the item of weight and BMI with weak sighted males (p<. 05). 5) Sighted males are significantly different in the item of height, sit-and-reach and sit-up with blind males. 6) Sighted females are significantly different in the items of height and BMI with weak sighted females (p<. 05). 7) Sighted females are significantly different in the items of height and sit-ups with blind females (p<. 05). Visually impaired students are commonly worse then sighted students in physical development and physical abilities. The teachers in the school for the Visually handicapped should know the physical abilities of the students in the teaching of physical education, and to prove physical abilities of visually impaired students with places and installations in the school to adapt the daily life.
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視覺障礙, 身體組成, 肌力肌耐力, 柔軟度, visual impairment, body mass index, Muscular strength and endurance, flexibility