使用零知識證明來實現可使用公有區塊鏈來稽核的匿名電子投票

Abstract

近年來，隨著數位技術的發展，電子投票由於其便利性漸漸取代傳統投票，許多選舉活動開始採用電子投票的方式來進行，然而，現有的電子投票系統存在一些缺陷，如完整性、所有人都可以驗證性和無收據性等方面的問題。這些缺陷會導致整個電子投票系統的不安全性，使得投票者對於投票結果缺乏信任。為了改善這些不完善處，本篇論文提出了一種使用零知識證明的匿名電子投票系統。透過零知識證明，我們可以在投票主辦方為可信之第三方的情況下確保投票者的匿名性且不洩漏具體的選票內容。此外，我們可以保證投票主辦方無法對投票結果進行任何作弊行為，例如故意漏票或者加票。最後，透過與公有區塊鏈的結合，將產生出來之智能合約放上公有區塊鏈，並將最後的投票結果數據上鏈，供所有人針對投票結果之正確性、合格性等等進行公開驗證，從而增加整個系統之信任度，以及確保投票的公正性跟透明度。

In recent years, with the development of digital technology, electronic voting has gradually replaced traditional voting due to its convenience. Many electoral activities have begun adopting electronic voting methods. However, existing electronic voting systems have certain deficiencies, such as issues related to integrity, verifiability, and non-repudiation. These shortcomings undermine the overall security of the electronic voting system and lead to a lack of trust in the voting results by the voters.To address these imperfections, this paper proposes an anonymous electronic voting system using zero-knowledge proofs. Through zero-knowledge proofs, we can ensure the anonymity of voters without disclosing the specific contents of their votes, even when the election organizers are trusted third parties. Furthermore, we guarantee that the election organizers cannot engage in any fraudulent activities regarding the voting results, such as intentional miscounting or vote tampering. Lastly, by integrating with a public blockchain, the generated smart contracts are deployed on the blockchain, and the final voting results are recorded on the chain. This enables public verification of the accuracy, eligibility, and other aspects of the voting results, thereby enhancing the overall trust in the system and ensuring the fairness and transparency of the voting