公衛護理人員工作特質及職業疲勞之相關性研究–以新北市衛生所為例

Abstract

本研究旨在探討公衛護理人員工作特質及職業疲勞之相關性，採結構式問卷調查，進行SPSS資料統計與分析，探討研究對象背景變項之現況及工作特質與職業疲勞之影響，並瞭解研究對象的個人背景因素、工作特質對職業疲勞之預測因子。 本研究針對新北市29區衛生所全體公衛護理人員320人進行問卷施測，問卷共回收282份，剔除無效問卷11份，共收到271份有效問卷(84.7％)，進行研究主要結果如下: 一、研究對象之個人疲勞顯著預測因子包括需要照顧年長及年幼的人數、辦理業務別、工作控制、工作心理負荷、工作體力負荷、就業缺乏保障、主管社會支持等，能解釋個人疲勞變異量47.4%。若公衛護理人員需要照顧年長及年幼的人數越多、辦理業務別越多、工作控制越低、工作心理負荷越高、工作體力負荷越高，則個人職業疲勞越高。 二、研究對象之工作疲勞顯著預測因子有辦理業務別、工作控制、工作心理負荷、工作體力負荷、同事社會支持。若公衛護理人員辦理業務別越多、工作控制越低、工作心理負荷越高、工作體力負荷越高、同事社會支持越低，則工作疲勞越高。 三、研究對象之工作過度投入顯著預測因子有工作控制、工作心理負荷、工作體力負荷、最近3個月平均每月加班時數及服務地區別。而工作特質除了工作控制與工作過度投入是負向影響外，其他都是正向影響。 四、研究對象之服務對象疲勞顯著預測因子有工作控制、工作心理負荷、主管社會支持、同事社會支持、性別、需要照顧人數及辦理業務別。而工作特質除了工作控制與服務對象疲勞是負向影響外，其他都是正向影響。The purpose of this study is to explore the correlation of public health nurses’ work characteristics and fatigue. The structural questionnaire method was adopted. And SPSS program was used to carry out statistical analyses on the collected questionnaires. The study explored the current status of background variables and the influences of work characteristics and fatigue. The study also tried to find out factors of personal background and predict factors of work characteristics and fatigue. Questionnaires were distributed to public health nurses in 29 districts of New Taipei City in this study. There were 282 questionnaires recovered. 11 questionnaires were invalid and removed from the analysis. Study was performed on 271 valid questionnaires (Percentage of valid questionnaires is 84.7％) collected and the results are as below. I.Outstanding predictive factors of subjects’ personal fatigue are “number of the elderly and the younger need to be taken care of”, “work content”, “control of works”, “work phycological burden”, “work physical burden”, “insufficient protection of employment”, social supports from its superior and etc. 47.4% variation of personal fatigue can be explained by these factors. For public health nurses, if “number of the elderly and the younger need to be taken care of”, “work content”, “work phycological burden”, “work physical burden” increase or “control of works” decreases, the personal work fatigue will increase. II.Outstanding predictive factors of subjects’ job fatigue are “work content”, “control of works”, “work phycological burden”, “work physical burden” and “social supports from its colleagues”. The more “work content”, “work phycological burden”, “work physical burden” public health nurses have, the higher job fatigue they will be. The less “control of works” and “social supports from their colleagues” public health nurses have, the higher job fatigue they will be. III.Outstanding predictive factors of subjects’ over-commitment are “control of works”, “work phycological burden”, “work physical burden”, “average overtime hours per month in latest 3 months” and “district of work”. For work characteristics, except “control of works” are negative correlated with over-commitment, the others are all positive correlated with over-commitment. IV.Outstanding predictive factors of clientele’s fatigue of subjects are “control of works”, “work phycological burden”, “social supports from its superior and colleagues”, “gender”, “number of people need to be taken care of” and “work content”. For work characteristics, except “control of works” are negative correlated with clientele’s fatigue, the others are all positive correlated with clientele’s fatigue.