理財素養對家庭信用卡負債影響之研究—以中國大陸為例

Abstract

本研究旨在探討中國戶主之理財素養對家庭信用卡負債的影響程度，並說明戶主之背景因素和財務因素對家庭信用卡負債的影響。為達上述之目的，本研究使用2015年中國家庭金融調查（China Household Finance Survey, CHFS）的數據資料，選取較適切及符合本研究之問項，並透過敘述統計、獨立樣本T檢定、單因子變異數分析、雙因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關分析、多元線性迴歸分析和二元分對數模型進行分析。本研究結果歸納如下：一、中國家庭的信用卡負債情形較佳，只有9.8%的家庭擁有信用卡負債，平均家庭信用卡欠款餘額為2,409元人民幣。二、中國戶主的理財素養有待提升，大約只有10%的戶主接受過理財課程；多數戶主的理財知識，在滿分4分中只得到1至2分；多數戶主對理財資訊傾向不關注、很少關注和一般的態度；多數戶主不願意承擔風險商品。三、中國戶主之性別、年齡、婚姻狀況、教育程度、健康狀況、城鄉、收入、資產、理財課程、理財知識、理財態度和風險偏好，在信用卡欠款餘額上具有顯著差異。四、中國戶主之理財課程與理財知識、理財課程與風險偏好、理財態度與風險偏好，在信用卡欠款餘額上具有顯著差異。五、中國戶主之年齡、教育程度、健康狀況、收入、資產、理財知識、理財態度和風險偏好，在信用卡欠款餘額上具有顯著相關。六、中國戶主之性別、年齡、婚姻狀況、中國共產黨黨員身份、收入、資產、理財課程和風險偏好，在信用卡欠款餘額上具有解釋能力。 七、中國戶主之年齡、教育程度、城鄉、資產、理財課程、理財知識、理財態度和風險偏好，在有無信用卡負債上具有解釋能力。This study explores the impact of financial literacy on credit card debt in China and illustrates the impact of different background factors on the same. For these purposes, this study uses data from the 2015 China Household Finance Survey (CHFS), to select appropriate and consistent questions to conduct the analysis. The analysis was carried out by descriptive statistics, independent sample T-test, analysis of variance, two-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, multiple regression analysis, and binary logit model. The major findings of this study are summarized as follows:1. The credit card debt situation in Chinese households is relatively good. Only 9.8% of households have credit card debt, and the average household credit card balance amounts to 2,409 RMB.2. Financial literacy in China needs improvement. Only about 10% of householders have studied financial courses. Most householders received only 1 to 2 scores out of 4, in financial literacy. Most householders tend to neglect financial information and attitude and are unwilling to take on risky goods.3. The factors of gender, age, marriage, education, health, rural residency, income, assets, the study of financial courses, financial knowledge, financial attitude, and risk preferences of Chinese householders, play significantly different roles in determining credit card balance.4. The factors of the study of financial courses and financial knowledge, the study of financial courses and risk preference, financial attitudes, and risk preferences of Chinese householders, play significantly different roles in determining credit card balance.5. The factors of age, education, health, income, assets, financial knowledge, financial attitude, and risk preferences of Chinese householders are significantly correlated with credit card balance.6. The factors of gender, age, marriage, CCP members, income, assets, the study of financial courses, and risk preference of Chinese householders can explain the amount of credit card balance.7. The factors of age, education, rural residency, assets, the study of financial courses, financial knowledge, financial attitude, and risk preferences of Chinese householders can explain whether they have credit card debt or not.