青少年運動代表隊參與經驗對女性成年早期運動習慣之影響

Abstract

運動對青少年的生涯發展影響重大，根據過去研究，運動代表隊的參與經驗不僅對青少年的生涯發展有正向發展，也會對其未來的運動行為造成影響。本文旨在探討青少年時期運動代表隊的參與經驗如何對其生長到成年人早期時的運動習慣造成影響，透過文獻、檔案分析瞭解青少年參與運動代表隊的情形與成年人早期發展與運動習慣的情形，再藉由深度訪談現在年齡屬於成年人早期 (24-35歲)、青少年時期曾經參與學校運動代表隊且為體育資優生者，來瞭解過去的運動代表隊經驗與現在運動習慣之間的關聯性。研究結論如下： 一、青少年參與運動代表隊主要為對運動本身感到興趣；參與經驗包含日常訓練、隊員相處經驗與競賽經驗；運動代表隊參與經驗對青少年正面影響為身體健康與體能良好、自信心的提升以及促進社會適應能力；負面影響為訓練造成生理上壓力與運動傷害，競爭關係造成心理壓力與人際關係問題。 二、成年人早期生涯角色的扮演會影響運動習慣的改變，由學生到工作者是六位研究參與者成年人早期運動習慣改變的轉捩點。 三、青少年運動代表隊參與經驗對成年人早期生涯角色中的休閒者與工作者有影響；對於運動習慣的影響在於運動的參與動機、運動項目與強度。 本研究結果建議在推廣運動代表隊、發展競技運動的同時，也應兼顧青少年的身心與社會面的均衡發展、由工作環境提供或製造更多運動機會提高工作者運動頻率與加強專業運動教練的教育訓練。

Adolescence is the important transition period in lifetime; teenagers are facing rapid physiological and psychological development. The participation of teenager sport teams would cause both the positive and negative affection in their physiological, psychological and social adaptation. In addition to the experience of participating in sport teams, early adult development career, role-playing would also affect their exercise habits. The main purpose of this study is to discuss how the experiences of school sport teams influence on the exercise habits in early stage of adulthood. This research conducted literature review and documentary analysis to understand the participation of teenager sport teams. Semi-structured interview and retrospective interview were applied to discuss the situation of early stage adult’s development and their exercise habits. The research subjects were focus on early stage of adults (24-35 years old), who used to participate in school sports teams but also was elite athletes. The results showed that : (1) The participation of sport teams has both positive and negative effects among the physiological, psychological and social adaptation of teenagers. (2) Early adult development career and role-playing would affect the alternative of exercise habits. The turning point of exercise habits of six subjects is from student to worker. (3) The participation of teenager sport teams influence leisurite and worker in early stage of adults, especially the participation and motivation of exercise, and exercise intensity in exercise habits. The three suggestions of this study are that: (1) As developing of sport teams and athletic performance, the physiological, psychological and social adaptation of teenagers should put into concern simultaneously. (2) Providing of increasing the opportunities of exercise through work environment. (3) Improve the educational training of professional sport coach.