產業博物館發展環境教育之需求探討－以國立臺灣博物館南門園區為例

Abstract

產業博物館是經由產業相關場域做為媒介，蒐藏產業相關物件，以做為展示基礎，強調其在「社會功能」與「溝通功能」之展現，重視與人群、社區結合之重要性，建構「活」的博物館，將環境和人的關係緊扣，傳達時代背景與產業存在意義。產業博物館提供有形及無形的記憶，與社區生命發展緊緊相扣，它的存在價值是時空、記憶、人文與環境的結合。環境教育則以環境的關切為主要目的，以社會大眾為推展對象，將環境教育透過社會教育體系管道所推動的教育；而博物館肩負社會教育的重責，在社會環境教育中扮演重要角色。 本研究為探討產業博物館發展環境教育之現況與需求，選定日本時期的樟腦工廠舊址，今日國立臺灣博物館南門園區(以下簡稱「南門園區」) 做為案例，運用文獻分析法、參與觀察、深入訪談法及問卷調查法，從該場域與資源的利用情形、相關人員及觀眾想法分析南門園區，以瞭解南門園區發展環境教育之需求，並提供南門園區及其他產業博物館日後推動環境教育之參考。 本研究針對7位參與南門園區規劃或環境教育活動的專家及志工進行訪談，並延伸出觀眾問卷，問卷共計回收137份。由此分析得知，南門園區現行環境教育活動，多以廣義的環境教育執行，缺少了南門園區的獨有產業特色，館方雖以產業博物館與環境教育定位該場域，卻鮮少有和樟腦產業相連結之活動及環境教育活動方案，無法凸顯出場域獨特性及其產業中的環境教育。從訪談及問卷中，本研究探討觀眾對於南門園區的需求，發現觀眾普遍期望有更多環境體驗，且結合南門園區本身資源發展環境教育，並認為南門園區現階段缺乏產業歷史與觀眾的互動。在南門園區發展環境教育的需求上，可以增加在地的連結性與跨域合做串聯，延長南門園區的歷史軸線，規劃產業歷史與環境之相關活動，推動持續性的環境教育。The museum of industries often utilize the old sites of industrial factories to represent historical settings of certain types of industrial development and to be an institute in industry-related items collection, research, exhibition and education. To represent living history of industry, this type of museums focus more on “social functionality” and “communication functionality” so that they can link with people and community. The conveyance of the historical background and their existence meanings to community are also important. In general, museums of industry offer tangible and intangible memories with local community. Since these museums have combined the historical space, memory, culture and local environment, that would offer an important role in education for community and particularly dedicated to the care for environment. This research aims to study the current status and the possibility about developing the environmental education in the museums of industry. The study case is an abandoned camphor factory site which has restored as “Nanmen Park” as part of exhibition sites of National Taiwan Museum of Natural History (hereinafter referred to as "Nanmen Park"). The research methods included participant observation, in-depth interviews and questionnaires collection regarding to affections from museum exhibition, resources and environmental education programs. We interviewed seven experts and volunteers who involved in the planning of Nanmen Park ; and 137 copies of questionnaire from the visitors were collected. The results show that the events for environmental education programs in museum site are too generalized and irrelevant to the unique characteristics of Nanmen Park (i.e. the camphor industry, forest environment, and social-economic development histories). From interviews, most of the visitors expect to have more environmental experience which link to the resource in Nanmen Park. The results from questionnaires also show that Nanmen Park need more interaction between industrial history and visitors, and the links between local communities and the museum. The network of several industrial historical sites in surroundings is also expected to be connected with Nanmen Park and as learning sites for environmental education.