退休教師的家務分工、 家務公平觀對婚姻滿意度之影響

Abstract

中文摘要 本研究旨在探討退休教師的家務分工、家務公平觀與婚姻滿意度三者的關係，研究採取問卷調查法，以退休1年以上至6年之內、已婚與配偶同住的退休教師為對象，藉由滾雪球的方式，取得有效樣本共402 份，其中女性279份，男性123份，夫妻退休類型組合以「夫妻皆退」最多，「夫工作妻退休」次之，「夫退休妻工作」較少。本研究主要之發現如下： 一、家務分工與公平觀部分：退休女教師顯著多做買菜、準備三餐、洗碗 和清洗餐具、打掃環境、洗衣晾衣和買日用品等六項，退休男教師顯 著多做倒垃圾、繳納家庭費用、簡易的日常維修、接送家人；整體家 務分工兩性則無顯著差異。男女退休教師的家務公平感受皆偏高，退 休男教師公平感受略高於女教師。 二、婚姻滿意度部分，退休教師的婚姻滿意度普遍偏高，雖整體婚姻 滿意度差異不顯著，但男女在哲學面滿意度上差異顯著；滿意度最高 的男女皆為經濟面，最低的部分退休女教師為心理面，退休男教師為 生物面。 三、影響家務分工的因素男女不同，當丈夫健康狀況越差，丈夫仍在工作， 自己退休越久，則退休女教師會做越多家務工作，退休男教師的迴歸 模式則不顯著。公平觀部分，退休女教師做越少家務工作，公平感受 越高退休男教師則是做越多家務工作，公平感受越高。 四、影響男女婚姻滿意度的因素各有不同，退休越久，太太教育程度越高， 退休男教師婚姻滿意度越低；家務感受越公平，自己越健康，配偶越 健康，退休女教師的婚姻滿意度越高。 最後，依據研究結果，分別針對以退休教師為對象之家庭生活教育以及未來研究兩方面提出具體建議。 關鍵字：退休、家務分工、家務公平觀、婚姻滿意度

Abstract This study examined the relationship among division of the housework, perceived fairness of the division of housework and marital satisfaction experienced by retired teachers. The data were obtained by questionnaire through snowballing from a sample of 402 retired for 1 to 6 years teachers who was married and lived with his/her spouse, which includes 123 male and 279 female teachers. BRET (both-retired）was the most couple’s employment/retirement patterns; HEWR (husband employed/ wife retired） was the second and the least was HRWE (husband retired/ wife employed）. Findings reveal that: 1. As for division of the housework and perceived fairness of the division of housework: female retired teachers did significantly more grocery shopping, preparing males, dishing, house cleaning, laundry, and dairy shopping. Male retired teachers did significantly more dumping garbage, paying bills, home maintenance and repairs, and driving family members around. The difference of division of the housework was not significant. Both male and female teachers perceived high fairness of the division of housework, and male retired teachers got higher score than female. 2. As for marital satisfaction: Both male and female retired teachers got high scores, and economics was the most satisfied field to both male and female teachers while biology was the most unsatisfied field to male teachers and philosophy to female. 3. The factors affecting the division of housework were different to male and female. When their husband kept employed, in worse health situation, and teachers themselves retired longer, female teachers would do more housework. Male teacher’s regression mole was not significant. Female retired teachers perceived more fairness when they did less housework while male did more to felt fair. 4. The factors affecting the marital satisfaction of were different to male and female too. Male retired teachers would have lower marital satisfaction if they retired longer and had high-educated wife. While female retired teachers would have higher marital satisfaction when they perceived more fairness and both they and their husbands were more health. According to these findings, suggestions for retired teachers’ family life education and future studies were addressed. Key Words: Retire, Division of housework, Perceived fairness of division of housework, Marital satisfaction.