國小資優學生道德認知對疫情與病患態度之影響—兼探情緒的調節效果

Abstract

本研究旨在探討國小資優班學生的道德認知、在真實情境的新冠肺炎疫情下對疫情與病患態度以及疫情下情緒的現況與差異性，並進行分析相關以及預測。研究對象為北區國小資優生與普通生，使用「行為界定問題測驗」、「疫情與病患態度量表」、「情緒量表」為研究工具，進行資料蒐集與分析處理。茲將本研究之結果說明如下：

一、 不同身份、年級與性別在道德認知表現 資優生與普通生無明顯差異。高年級資優生高於中年級；中、高年級普通生無明顯差異。女生道德認知皆高於男生。

二、 不同身份、年級與性別在情緒上的表現 疫情情境下，普通生「相信」等情緒高於資優生。中年級資優生「害怕」等情緒高年級明顯；高年級普通生「期待」高於中年級。資優班男、女生無明顯差異；而普通班男生「悲傷」之情緒高於女生。

三、 不同身份、年級與性別在疫情與病患態度表現 疫情情境下，資優生態度高於普通生。高年級資優生與普通生，高於中年級資優生與普通生。資優班及普通班男、女生無明顯差異。

四、 道德認知、情緒及疫情與病患態度間的相關 對於資優生來說，道德認知和疫情與病患態度屬低度正相關；而對於普通生來說，道德認知並未和疫情與病患態度有明顯相關。而資優生及普通生的情緒與道德認知間的相關及情緒與疫情與病患態度之相關不盡相同。

五、 資優生道德認知能預測態度，情緒在道德認知和態度間不具調節效果

The purpose of the study is to explore the elementary school gifted students’ moral cognition, the attitude toward the COVID-19 pandemic and the patients, and their emotions. The research subjects in this study are the gifted students and the regular education students from elementary schools in northern Taiwan. Using “behavioral Defining Issues Test”, “Scale of attitude towards COVID-19 pandemic and the patients.” and “Emotion scale” as research tools for the data collection and analysis. The interpretations of the research results are as follows:

I. Differences in the moral cognition between status, grades and sex. Between the gifted students and the regular education students, there was no significant difference in the moral cognition. The high grade gifted students have higher moral cognition than the middle grade gifted student. However, there was no significant difference between the middle and high grade students in the regular classroom. The gifted girls and the girls in the regular class both have higher moral cognition than the boys.

II. Differences in the emotion between status, grades and sex. In the present situation of Covid-19, the students in the regular classroom are more emotional about“trust”, “fear”, “shock” and “sadness” than the gifted students. The gifted students in middle grade are more emotional about “fear”, “shock”, “sadness” and “disgust” than whom in high grade. Regular education students in high grade are more emotional about “anticipation” than whom in middle grade. There was no significant difference in these emotions between the boys and girls in the gifted classes. However, the boys in the regular classroom are more emotional about “sadness” than the girls.

III. Differences in the attitude toward the Covid-19 pandemic and the patients between status, grades and sex. In the present situation of Covid-19, the gifted students keep a more positive attitude toward the pandemic and the patients than the students in the regular class. The high grade gifted and regular education students’ attitude is better than whom in the middle grade. There were no significant differences in the attitude between the boys and girls who are in the gifted classes or regular classroom.

IV. The correlation between moral cognition, emotion and the attitude toward the Covid-19 pandemic and the patients. For the gifted students, there was a negative correlation between moral cognition and the emotion of “joy” and “anger”; there was a positive correlation between the emotion of “trust” and “anticipation” and the attitude. There was a positive correlation between the elementary school gifted students’ moral cognition and their attitude. For the regular education students, there was a negative correlation between moral cognition and the emotion of “anticipation”. There was a positive correlation between the emotion of “joy” and “anticipation” and the attitude; there was a negative correlation between the emotion of “fear” and the attitude. There was no obvious correlation between Moral cognition and the attitude.

V. Prediction and the Moderation Effect of attitude toward the Covid-19 pandemic and the patients. The moral cognition of gifted students had explanatory power of the prediction of the attitude towards COVID-19 pandemic and the patients. However, gifted students’ emotions didn’t have Moderation Effect between moral cognition and the attitude.