我國高中職學生政治態度之研究----以台中地區為例

Abstract

本研究旨在探討台中地區高中職學生政治態度之現況，並分析學校教育的實施與學生政治態度之相關。 本研究以台中地區高中職二年級學生為研究對象，以學校聲望立意取樣，計抽取12所學校，共540名學生為有效樣本。以問卷調查方式探討性別、學校所在地、學校類別、學校屬性、學校聲望不同的學生，其政治態度的差異情形；以及教師教學方式、班會活動、社團活動、班級氣氛、學校組織氣氛與學生政治態度之相關。其中政治態度包括：公共事務態度、公民責任感、政治效能感、政治信任感四個分量表。 研究者蒐集相關的有效問卷，編修成「學生政治態度量表」為研究工具，進行實證研究。調查所得資料分別以因素分析、次數分配、百分比、平均數、標準差、t考驗、單因子變異數分析、皮爾遜積差相關和多元逐步迴歸分析等統計方法，進行各項考驗。獲得以下的結論：

ㄧ、台中地區高中職學生之政治態度傾向於積極、正向。其中在「公民責任感」、「公共事務態度」及「政治效能感」的態度反應上，表現較佳（題平均分數分別為3.85、4.16、3.31）；但在「政治信任感」的態度反應上則表現較不理想（題平均分數為2.75）。 二、不同性別的高中職學生之政治態度有顯著差異，且女生的政治態度比男生積極、正向。 三、不同學校所在地的學生之政治態度有顯著差異，且台中縣學生政治態度較台中市學生積極、正向。 四、不同學校類別的學生之政治態度，無顯著差異。 五、不同學校屬性的學生之政治態度有顯著差異，且高中生政治態度表現顯著優於高職生。 六、不同學校聲望的學生之政治態度有顯著差異，且「學校聲望中」組的學生政治態度表現比「學校聲望高」組及「學校聲望低」組的學生更為積極。 七、教師教學方式、班會活動、社團活動、班級氣氛、學校組織氣氛等五方面與高中職學生政治態度呈顯著正相關，表示教師以民主方式教學、班級班會活動進行愈民主、高中職學生在社團活動參與經驗愈民主、導師所經營的班級氣氛愈民主、學校組織運作愈民主，則學生政治態度表現也愈積極、正向。 八、以政治態度總量表為效標變項時，對學生政治態度有顯著預測力的變項有「學校組織氣氛」、「班會活動」、「學校所在地」、「教師教學方式」、「學校聲望」與「社團活動」等六個變項。

根據文獻探討與研究結果，本研究提出以下建議：

一、鼓勵學生表達意見，形成民主的學校氣氛 二、強化班會民主功能，落實學生自治活動 三、運用多元化的教學方法，引導學生批判思考 四、鼓勵學生參與社團活動，加強社團活動的民主化The purpose of this study was to explore the political attitudes of high school (including professional school) students in Taichung area as well as the relationship between school education and students’ political attitudes. The subjects of this study were the second-grade high school students in Taichung area .The sampling method was purposive sampling by school’s prestige. The 540 students from twelve schools were sampled as effect samples. The questionnaire was used to investigate the political attitudes of students based on their gender, their school region, their school type, their school attribute, and school prestige. Additionally, the questionnaire was also used to explore the relationship between students’ political attitudes and school education, including teachers’ teaching styles, class course, association activity, the atmosphere of class, and the atmosphere of school organization. Political attitude scales include four types: the attitude toward public affairs, sense of citizen duty, sense of political efficacy, and sense of political trust. The questionnaire was constructed with reference to a review of related literature and was developed by the researcher. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, frequency distribution, percentile, average, standard deviation, t-test, Pearson product-moment correlation , and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The political attitudes of high school students in Taichung area were positive. The results of “sense of citizen duty”, “the attitude toward public affairs” and “sense of political efficacy” were better. The average scores were 3.85 , 4.16 and 3.31. The result of “sense of political trust” was less satisfactory. The score was 2.75. 2. There existed significant difference on the political attitudes of students with different genders. Female students were more active than male students. 3. There existed significant difference on the political attitudes of students in different school regions. Students in Taichung County were more active than students in Taichung City. 4. There was no significant difference on the political attitudes of students between different school types. 5. There was significant difference on the political attitudes of students between different schools with different attributes. Regular high school students were more active than professional’s. 6. There was significant difference on the political attitudes of students in different schools with different prestige. Students of schools with middle level of prestige were more active than students of schools with high and low levels of prestige. 7. There was a significant positive relationship between students’ political attitudes and their teachers’ teaching styles, class course, association activity, the atmosphere of class, and the atmosphere of school organization. That is, students held more positive political attitudes when teachers’ teaching styles were more democratic, class course was more democratic, association activity was more democratic, the atmosphere of class was more democratic, and the atmosphere of school organization was more democratic. 8. When political attitude was the independent variable, significant predicting ability was demonstrated in six variables： “the atmosphere of school organization”, “class course”, “school regions” ,“teachers’ teaching styles”, “school’s prestige”, and “association activity.”

Based on the results of this study, the following suggestions were provided for high school teachers: 1. Teachers are suggested to encourage students to express opinions in order to form the democratic atmosphere of school organization. 2. Teachers are suggested to enhance the democratic function of class course in order to achieve the students’ self-government activity. 3. Teachers are suggested to use the diversified teaching styles in order to lead students to think critically. 4. Teachers are suggested to encourage students to join association activities in order to raise the democratization of association activities.