東亞反共共同體的形成與發展(1945-1979)
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Date
2009-11-05
Authors
王恩美
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第二次世界大戰結束後，在東亞冷戰體系之下，台灣與韓國皆形成分裂國家，而共同歸屬於反共陣營。「反共」不但是兩國政府的「建國」(state building)目標，也是重要的統治工具。值得注意的是，兩國建構「反共體系」的方式具有極高相似性。兩國政府皆採取兩種方式：一方面，廣泛宣傳反共意識型態、建立反共主義；另方面，則是透過各種具體的法律規定，以使「反共體系制度化」。不同的是，台灣「反共體系」的建構時期為1950年代，而韓國則是1960年代。 冷戰期間，台灣政府與韓國政府外交上保持密切往來，一直維持正式外交與反共同盟的關係，直至1992年雙方斷絕外交關係為止。其中在朴正熙政權時期(1961-1979)，雙方往來最為密切，朴正熙本人曾在1966年親訪台灣，而且雙方官員互訪頻率甚高。 筆者認為，朴正熙政權透過雙方政府的外交往來、互動，彼此交流、影響而建構韓國反共體系，並將台灣政府的反共經驗、政策手段與方法，移植至韓國社會。我們若要探討台灣方面對韓國政府建構反共體系所造成的影響，則必須先了解台灣與韓國「反共外交」與「反共同盟」的實質內容，以及兩國反共組織的互動關係。因此，本計畫以第二次世界大戰後的1945年至1979年為中心，主要運用韓國與台灣的外交部檔案，探討兩國「反共外交」的形成、發展過程。
With the ending of World War II, both Taiwan and Korea become divided nations in the East Asia Cold War System and join the anti-communism campaign together. For the two governments, “anti-communism” is not only the state-building goal but also an important governing tool. Notably, there is an extremely high similarity between their ways of constructing the “anti-communism system”. Both approaches are taken by the two governments: the comprehensive propaganda of anti-communism ideology to build up anti-communism on the one hand; a variety of concrete legislations to “institutionize anti-communism system” on the other. While Taiwan constructs the anti-communism system during the 1950’s, the construction period for Korea is in the 1960’s. During the cold war, the Taiwan government remains diplomatically close with the Korea government. Their relationship in formal diplomacy and as anti-communism allies is maintained until the break between Taiwan and Korea in 1992. The bond of comradeship reaches its peak during the tenure of Park Chung-hee (1961-1979), who visits Taiwan himself in 1966. Official visits from both sides also take place at high frequency in the same period. It is believed that the Park Chung-hee government transplants the anti-communism experience, policy strategies, and methodology of Taiwan government into Korea society through the diplomatic communion and interaction between the two governments to interflow, affect, and construct the Korean anti-communism system. If one intends to look into the influence of Taiwan on the construction of an anti-communism system for Korea government, one has to understand in the first place the substance of the “anti-communism diplomacy” and the “anti-communism alliance” between Taiwan and Korea, as well as the interaction between the anti-communism organizations of the two nations. As a result, this project is focused on the post war period from 1945 to 1979 with an aim to examine the making and development of “anti-communism diplomacy” mainly through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs archives of both Taiwan and Korea.
With the ending of World War II, both Taiwan and Korea become divided nations in the East Asia Cold War System and join the anti-communism campaign together. For the two governments, “anti-communism” is not only the state-building goal but also an important governing tool. Notably, there is an extremely high similarity between their ways of constructing the “anti-communism system”. Both approaches are taken by the two governments: the comprehensive propaganda of anti-communism ideology to build up anti-communism on the one hand; a variety of concrete legislations to “institutionize anti-communism system” on the other. While Taiwan constructs the anti-communism system during the 1950’s, the construction period for Korea is in the 1960’s. During the cold war, the Taiwan government remains diplomatically close with the Korea government. Their relationship in formal diplomacy and as anti-communism allies is maintained until the break between Taiwan and Korea in 1992. The bond of comradeship reaches its peak during the tenure of Park Chung-hee (1961-1979), who visits Taiwan himself in 1966. Official visits from both sides also take place at high frequency in the same period. It is believed that the Park Chung-hee government transplants the anti-communism experience, policy strategies, and methodology of Taiwan government into Korea society through the diplomatic communion and interaction between the two governments to interflow, affect, and construct the Korean anti-communism system. If one intends to look into the influence of Taiwan on the construction of an anti-communism system for Korea government, one has to understand in the first place the substance of the “anti-communism diplomacy” and the “anti-communism alliance” between Taiwan and Korea, as well as the interaction between the anti-communism organizations of the two nations. As a result, this project is focused on the post war period from 1945 to 1979 with an aim to examine the making and development of “anti-communism diplomacy” mainly through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs archives of both Taiwan and Korea.