酒精對老年人平衡能力、反應時間及下肢肌力之影響

Abstract

本研究主要目的在探討老年人攝取酒精飲料對平衡能力、反應時間及下肢肌力等功能的影響。以15位六十五歲以上，平常無飲酒或輕度飲酒習慣的男性老年人為受試對象，其平均年齡、身高、體重，分別為77.9±8.4歲、167.1±7.0公分、67.9±11.8公斤。初步研究以呼氣酒測器測出酒精濃度值介於0.047-0.238毫克/公升之間，是用來決定受試者每公斤體重適當的飲酒量。喝酒前後受試者接受下列五項測驗：1,閉眼單足站立；2,靜態伸展；3,8呎起立-走；4,反應時間；5,30秒坐椅站立測驗；後測於前測後一天，每位受試者攝取每公斤體重2.5毫升酒精濃度為10.5﹪的紅酒，三十分鐘後實施與前測相同的測驗。所得資料以相依t考驗比較處理，結果如下：1, 前測閉眼單足站立（2.5±1.3秒）成績顯著優於（p<.05）後測（1.1±0.26秒）；2,靜態伸展測驗前測（34.9±6.707公分）成績顯著優於（p<.05）後測（32.3±7.334公分）；3,8呎起立-走測驗前測成績（7.6±2.554秒）顯著優於（p<.05）後測（8.5±3.755秒）；4,反應時間測驗前測（0.911±0.283秒）與後測（0.894±0.371秒）成績未達顯著差異；5,30秒坐椅站立測驗前測（12.3±3.97次）與後測（12.1±3.07次）成績未達顯著差異。結論：老年人攝取酒精後靜態平衡能力、動態平衡能力與敏捷性明顯降低。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of alcohol drink on the balance, reaction time and lower-extremity strength of the elderly. Fifteen male senior residents above 65 years old, who either do not drink or only a little, were recruited as the subjects, the mean age, height, and weight of the subjects were 77.9±8.4 years, 167.1±7.0 cm, and 67.9±11.8 kg, respectively. A pilot study was used to determine the proper drinking volume per kg body weight of the subject to reach the alcohol concentration between 0.047-0.238 mg/L by respiratory device. The subjects were asked to take the following tests before and after alcohol drink, including 1, one-leg stance with eyes closed; 2, functional reach test; 3, 8 feet up and go test; 4, reaction time; 5, 30 seconds chair stand test. After 30 minutes from taking 2.5 ml/kg red wine containing 10.5% alcohol, each subject performed the same tests as the previous tests without drinking alcohol. The post-test was arranged one day apart from pre-test to avoid the fatigue from testing. The collected data were analyzed with dependent t test and the results were as followed: 1, the one-leg stance with eyes closed (2.5± 1.3 seconds), the functional reach test (34.9±6.7 cm), and the 8 feet up and go test (7.6 ±2.6 seconds) without drinking alcohol were significantly better (P<.05) than that of taking alcohol (1.1±0.3 seconds; 32.3±7.3 cm and 8.5±3.8 seconds, respectively). 2, the reaction time (0.9±0.3 seconds) and 30 seconds chair stand test (12.3±4.0 times) without taking alcohol were not significantly different (P>.05) from that of taking alcohol (0.9±0.4 seconds and 12.1±3.1 times). The alcohol drinking has negative effect on static balance, dynamic balance and agility of the elderly.