場域元素功能之可適應性與可用性優化設計方法論

Abstract

本研究所定義的場域元素在設計發展過程中，需要具有功能配置的相似性與使用的關聯性的整合設計思路，還需要容易且有效地被人類所使用的能力。單一的以設計者為主導或依靠使用者為中心的設計方法都不足以應對所有的挑戰。因此提出將社會情境、行為場域、時效性與行為反饋納入研究的考慮範圍之中，建構兼顧設計者創造與使用者塑造的「優化設計方法」。在方法的建構過程中首先探討了以設計者創造為主的可適應性的概念與設計度量方法，使用模糊理論改進其算法，並提出一種「模糊可適應性度量」的元素整合設計決策方法；然後，元素的功能需要具備易於且有效地被使用的能力，進而探討以使用者塑造為中心的可用性研究與測試理論，並提出一種結合灰色關聯分析的「田口可用性實驗」的設計參數組合優化方法。為實證所建構方法的合理、可靠與穩健性，以「古厝衛浴間」與「防疫門廳」這兩個行為場域為案例，分別建立兩個場域元素系統，先實施「模糊可適應性度量」，再分別以兩組元素（燈具與毛巾架，換鞋凳與消毒噴劑）為示範實例，進行「田口可用性實驗」與設計參數優化。研究結果展現了場域元素的整合決策以及設計參數的組合優化過程，並表明本研究所提出的優化設計方法可以使元素功能設計過程在可操作性與效用性、創新性發散與演變、功能收斂與聚合等方面的優勢。此外，該方法也是一種將設計者評估與使用者測試的相互協同，通過優化設計的算法促進設計開發的自動化模式，是輔助設計思維與創新的新途徑。不僅可以將方法拓展應用至其他行為場域，還適合應用於設計教學與企業務實的領域。

The field elements defined in this study are not only integrated design ideas with similarity of product function configuration and relevance of use in the design development process but also the ability to be easily and effectively used by humans. However, a single designer-led or user-centered design approach is not sufficient to meet all challenges. Therefore, we propose to incorporate social context, the behavioral field, timeliness, and behavioral feedback into the scope of research, and construct an “optimized design approach” that takes into account both designer creation and user shaping. In the process of constructing the methodology, we first explored the concept of adaptability and design metrics based on designer creation, improved the algorithm using fuzzy theory, and proposed a “Fuzzy Adaptability Measure (FAM)” for element integration design decision-making; then, the functions of elements need to have the ability to be used easily and effectively, and further explored the usability research and testing theory centered on user shaping, and proposed We also propose a method to optimize the combination of design parameters by combining the “Taguchi Usability Experiment (TUE)” with gray correlation analysis. To prove the rationality, reliability, and robustness of the proposed method, two behavioral domains, “ancient residential bathroom” and “epidemic prevention foyer”, were used as case studies to construct two field element systems, first implementing the FAM, and then conducting TUE and design parameter optimization with two sets of elements (lamp and towel rack, shoe changing bench and disinfectant spray) as exemplary examples. The results of the study demonstrate the integration decision of the field elements and the combination optimization process of the design parameters, and show that the optimized design method proposed in this study can enable the advantages of the functional design process of the elements in terms of operability and utility, innovative dispersion and evolution, and functional convergence and aggregation. In addition, the method is an automated model that facilitates design development through the optimization of design algorithms by the mutual synergy of designer evaluation and user testing, which is a new way to assist design thinking and innovation. The method can be extended to other behavioral domains and is also suitable for application in design teaching and corporate practice.