十二週阻力訓練對高齡者體脂率與發炎狀態的影響

Abstract

根據內政部統計，臺灣自1993年起進入高齡化社會，2018年10月我國65歲以上老年人口達到339萬8022人，為總人口之14.41%，正式成為高齡社會結構，如何維護高齡人口的健康與生活品質是一大課題。伴隨老化而隨之增加的脂肪及脂肪相關發炎細胞激素的濃度會增加高齡者罹患慢性疾病的風險，如: 心血管疾病和二型糖尿病等。長期阻力訓練相較於有氧運動訓練，對於體脂肪和發炎細胞激素的影響仍未有一致的結論。本研究主要探討十二週阻力訓練介入，對於高齡者體脂率與發炎細胞激素的影響。方法：以19名健康高齡者為研究對象 (年齡：67.9 ± 3.2歲) ，訓練組10名進行12週、每週3次、每項動作執行3組的全身性漸進式阻力訓練；控制組9名則維持正常生活型態。觀察訓練介入前後體脂肪、脂肪相關細胞激素，如: 腫瘤壞死因子α (Tumor Necrosis Factor-α,TNF-α)、介白素6 (Interleukin-6, IL-6) 及瘦素 (leptin) 之變化，所得數據以混合設計二因子變異數分析進行分析。結果：訓練組及控制組十二週阻力訓練前後體重及BMI無顯著變化。十二週阻力訓練介入後，訓練組體脂率及皮脂厚度總和皆顯著下降，且與控制組有顯著差異 (p< .05)。本研究觀察到血清TNF-濃度後測值顯著低於前測值。訓練組及控制組十二週阻力訓練前後血清IL-6及leptin濃度無顯著差異。進一步比較訓練前後血清IL-6及leptin濃度變化量，觀察到訓練組有下降趨勢，而控制組有上升趨勢。結論：實施十二週阻力訓練，在未顯著改變體重情況下有效降低高齡者體脂率，代表阻力訓練可延緩隨著老化而增加的脂肪率。再者，血清細胞激素濃度在阻力訓練後呈下降的趨勢，高齡者長期從事阻力運動可降低與細胞激素相關的慢性疾病的風險。

According to statistics from the Ministry of the Interior, Taiwan has entered an aging society since 1993. In October 2018, the number of elderly people over 65 in Taiwan reached 3,398,022, which was 14.41% of the total population, signifying that Taiwan has officially become an aging society. How to maintain the health conditions and the quality of life of the elderly population is a big issue. Adipose tissue and adipose-related inflammatory cytokines are increased with aging, thereby increasing the risk of chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The effects of long-term resistance training on body fat and adipose-related inflammatory cytokines, compared with those of aerobic exercise traing, remain controversial, especially in older adults. The present study was to investigate the effects of a 12-week resistance training on body fat percentage and inflammatory cytokines in healthy older adults. Methods: Nineteen healthy older adults (Age：67.9 ± 3.2 years) without previous experience in resistance training were recruited. Exercise group (EX, n=10) performed progressive resistance training (3 times/week) and control group (CON, n=9) maintained their normal life style. Body weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BFP), and levels of adipose-related cytokines were observed and analyzed by two-way ANOVA. Results: There were no significant differences in the BW and BMI of EX and CON groups after the 12-week resistance training. Yet, body fat percentage and skinfold thickness were significantly decreased in EX group compared with pre-trainingdata and CON group (p< .05). Serum level of TNF-α was significantly decreased compared with pre-training. There were no significant differences in serum levels of IL-6 and leptin in EX and CON groups after the resistance training. With further comparison of the pre-training and post-training serum levels of IL-6 and leptin, there was a tendency of decrease in EX group, and a tendency of increase in CON group. Conclusion: Resistance training effectively lowered BFP without changing BW, suggesting that age-related increase in body fat percentage has been attenuated by resistance training. Levels of serum cytokines tend to decrease with resistance training. Therefore, older adults may lower their risk of cytokine-related chronic diseases.