穿戴式運動錶介入國小學童身體活動量與健康體適能之影響

Abstract

臺灣地區青少兒因身體活動量不足導致肥胖率逐年升高，造成對健康威脅與體適能降低，更影響成年後健康水平與慢性疾病等問題出現。方法：受試者為新北市國小五年級學童 (實驗組82人、對照組82人，n=164，男女各半)；受試者分別於實驗前、後各進行一次健康體適能量測，以獨立及相依樣本t檢定考驗二組是否有顯著效果。實驗組進行為期12週四階段穿戴式運動錶策略介入，並以廣義估計方程式 (Generalized estimating equation, GEE) 分析四階段及性別差之平均每日步數、步頻及中等費力到費力身體活動量累積時間等參數進行統計分析 (α = .05)。結果： (1) 國小男學童之身體活動量較高於女學童。(2) 週間有體育課的身體活動量明顯高於週間無體育課及週末 (F=12.286, p< .05)。(3) 實驗組後測在每日步數、活動強度與中等費力到費力身體活動量時間均顯著優於對照組。(4) 實驗組男生比對照組男生在立定跳遠 (p< .05) 及800公尺 (p< .05) 跑走有較佳的進步表現、實驗組女生比對照組女生在立定跳遠 (p < .05) 有較佳的進步表現。結論：穿戴式運動錶介入可促進國小學童部分體適能表現、改善身體質量指數不良狀況；透過階段分期策略可準確瞭解及有效提升國小男女學童身體活動時間及強度，值得推廣為促進個人身體活動的工具。

Introduction: Insufficient physical activity of elementary school students have resulted in the increase of the obesity rate year by year, further causing healthy threat, the reduce of physical fitness, and cardiovascular and chronic diseases after adult. Methods: The subjects were divided into two groups, the experimentalgroup, including schoolchildren in four classes (n = 82) and the control group, including schoolchildren in three classes (n = 82). The subjects conducted physical fitness tests and BMI measurements, before and after the experimental intervention, respectively. The t test was used to examine the significant effects of two groups before and after the experiment. In the experimental group, the 12-week four-stage wearable fitness watch strategy intervention was conducted to observe physical activity intensity and time changes. In physical activity, the generalized estimating equation GEE is adopted to analyze the parameters such as the average daily number of steps, movement step frequency and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) time…etc. in four stages. Results: The physical activity of elementary school male students were significantly higher than female students (p<.05). (2) The amount of physical activity with physical education during the week was significantly higher than that during the week without physical education and weekends (F=12.286, p <.05). (3) In the experimental group, the 12-week wearable fitness watch strategy could not only effectively promote the physical activity intensity of elementary school students to increase with the stage strategy, achieving significant differences, but also significantly improved daily walking steps and MVPA accumulation time. (4) In the standing long jump project, the physical activity increase on post-test results in the experimental group was obviously greater than that in the general group (p< .05). Conclusions: Wearable fitness watch intervene can help to promote physical fitness performance and improving undesirable BMI conditions. Through the wearable fitness watch strategy intervention accurately understand and effectively enhance the intensity of physical activity of schoolchildren. Consequently, wearable fitness watch is worth to be promoted as the tool of enhancing personal physical activity.