島嶼氣候變遷在地觀點探討：以澎湖群島為例

Abstract

島嶼地區在氣候變遷的衝擊上面對較高風險，地形平坦的小島特別容易受到氣候變遷的影響，包括海平面上升、暴風活動增加、生態環境變化、以及海水倒灌等；而在地居民對環境之觀察與因應，為減緩氣候變遷衝擊極為重要的一環。

本研究以澎湖群島為例，探討島嶼居民對氣候變遷的在地觀點。研究面向包括澎湖居民對住家附近或海邊的觀察與經驗、居民對氣候變遷現象的回應、以及資訊需求。本研究採問卷調查法，以立意抽樣對澎湖居民進行調查，共發放212份問卷，有效問卷為174份；並以電話聯繫問卷回函中願意接受訪談者，共訪談9位受訪者，以彌補問卷資料之不足。

研究發現，(1)澎湖群島居民對環境之觀察與經驗主要以海岸為主，發現沿岸設施損壞、沙灘後退、洄游性生物減少等海岸與海洋環境變動的現象，並認為是人為因素所造成；(2)居民亦有察覺澎湖留鳥減少與植物生長週期改變，並多數認為是氣候變遷影響；(3)澎湖居民亦確實察覺到氣候規律之改變，並認為是自然因素；而氣候變遷對島嶼的食物來源影響最大；(4)以上這些觀察與經驗主要與居民個人的生活經驗有關。(5)澎湖居民認為島嶼氣候變遷資訊傳播依賴大眾媒體，認為氣候變遷概念仍須透過教育學習；(6)居民亦認為需透過政府的規劃與政策來積極防止或減緩氣候變遷。因此，研究建議加強大眾媒體環境傳播內涵，提昇全民環境觀察與因應能力。Climate change always impact on islands severely, especially small islands with low elevation are the first victims. The influence includes the rise of sea levels, increase of extreme climate, changes on ecosystem, and seawater encroachment. To mitigate the impact of climate change, local residents’ observation and adaptation are helpful to find the way out.

This study aims to explore the local residents’ perception of climate change in Penghu Archipelago. Questionnaire survey with judgmental sampling is adopted and 174 out of the 212 are valid questionnaires. Nine semi structure interviews are taken from selected candidates of this study in order to enforce truthfulness. The questionnaire consists of three main sections: observation and experience of local residents on the change of surrounding environments, response of local residents towards climate change, and information required according to local request.

The results of this research indicate that local residents’ observation and experience of the environments focus on coastal changes, which claims to be obvious and attribute to human activities. Besides, some local residents consider that the decreasing number of migratory birds and changes on plant life cycle are caused by climate change. In addition, most residents figure that the perceptions of regular climate variations is one of natural phenomena, yet the greatest impact is the source of foods. The local residents depend on mass media for information and updates of climate change. They agree upon the importance of education to realise the concepts of climate change. Moreover, the government is urged to make plans and policies to actively prevent and mitigate climate change.

In order to elevate the local resident’s capabilities of observation and adaptation towards climate change, the mass media is suggested to reinforce its broadcast contents and quality of the environmental issues.