健走與太極拳運動對中老年婦女功能性體適能及心率變異性影響之比較研究

Abstract

目的：比較規律從事太極拳、健走以及沒有運動習慣中老年婦女在功能性體適能及心率變異性之差異。方法：本研究以90名年齡在55-65歲間之健康中老年婦女為研究對象。包括有規律（每週4天以上，至少每天60分鐘，持續從事超過一年以上）從事太極拳、健走以及沒有運動習慣各30名。所有受試者皆進行功能性體適能(30秒坐站、8英呎站走、6分鐘走路)檢測及心率變異性指標（低頻比例(LF%）、高頻比例(HF%)、低高頻比(HF/LF)、變異總量(TP)）測量，獲得數據以SPSS 12.0 for windows統計軟體進行one-way ANOVA分析。結果：（一）功能性體適能檢測表現：太極拳組在30秒坐站、8英呎站走以及6分鐘走路表現顯著優於健走組和對照組；健走組在8英呎站走以及6分鐘走路表現顯著優於對照組(p＜.05)。（二）心率變異性指標：規律運動組的平均心跳顯著低於對照組(p＜.05)；健走組的LF%、LF/HF表現顯著優於太極拳組和對照組(p＜.05)，TP顯著優於對照組(p＜.05)。太極拳組的LF/HF顯著低於健走組和對照組(p＜.05)；HF%在各組間無顯著差異，但有太極拳組優於健走組，健走組優於對照組的趨勢。結論：規律從事太極拳和健走運動之中老年婦女，顯著擁有較佳的功能性體適能及較低的安靜心跳率。規律健走者有較高的心率變異總量（TP）及低頻比例（LF%）。規律從事太極拳者擁有較低的低頻比例(LF%)。Purposes: To compare the functional fitness and heart rate variability (HRV) among brisk walking, Tai-Chi-Chung practice and non-exercise middle-age and elderly females. Methods: there were 90 healthy females who aged between 55-65 years old were recruited as the subjects, including 30 females of each of 3 different groups. The subjects of regular brisk walking (BW) group and Tai-Chi-Chung (TCC) group had engaged in regular exercise for at least one year, more than 4 days per week, at least 60 minutes each day; while the control group (CG) did not exercise regularly. All the subjects had received the functional fitness tests, including 30-second standing and sit test, 8-feet up and go test, and 6 minutes walking test. Additionally, they had taken the HRV measurements, including low frequency (LF) %, high frequency (HF) %, LF/HF, and total power (TP). All the collected data were analyzed through the software SPSS 12.0 for windows with one-way ANOVA. Results: 1, the TCC females had significantly better performances in 30-second standing and sit test, 8-feet up and go test, and 6 minutes walking test than those of BW and CG (p< .05). The 8-feet up and go test, and 6 minutes walking capacities of BW females were significantly better than those of CG (P<.05). 2, the resting heart rates of subjects of TCC and BW were significantly lower than those of CG (P<.05). The LF%, LF/HF of BW females were significantly higher than those of TCC and CG; also the TP of BW was significantly higher than that of CG (P<.05). The LF/HF of TCC was significantly lower than those of BW and CG groups. There was no difference in HF% among 3 groups. Conclusions: the regular walking and TCC exercise middle-aged females had better functional fitness and lower resting heart rate than non-exercise females. Brisk walking females had higher low frequency ratio and total power, and Tai-Chi-Chung female had lower low frequency ratio.