從「個人家戶數位機會調查」探究臺灣數位階層變遷研究

Abstract

傳統的社會階層一般由財富、權力和聲望來做劃分，然而數位化時代的來臨，相較社會階層，數位階層能夠更有效的詮釋資訊化社會現象，根據學者定義，數位階層可由個人能否近用資訊通訊技術、是否具有使用資訊通訊技術的欲望、是否具備資訊內容獲取、利用及創造的能力、以及數位化凝聚力等項目進行數位階層相關之研究。本研究期望了解數位階層的概念，以及臺灣近年來數位階層的分布現象，透過既存統計資料針對數位階層進行分析，以了解以下研究問題（一）臺灣在民國94年與民國104年的數位階層分布情形為何？（二）臺灣在民國94年與民國104年的數位階層有何變遷？（三）數位階層與人口變項的有何關係？本研究首先透過文獻探討社會階層及數位落差之相關理論，研究資料選擇由行政院國家發展委員會所收集之民國94年和民國104年的「個人家戶數位機會調查」統計資料作為分析樣本，透過可用之數位階層構面進行臺灣數位階層分層，並進一步分析數位階層與人口變項的關係。研究結果發現：（一）數位階層的分布，民國94年集中在數位富裕 (42.8%)和數位赤貧(22.9%)；民國104年集中在數位中產(73.7%)；（二）相較於民國94年，民國104年數位階層有重大改變，數位中產大幅增加，數位菁英、數位富裕、數位貧困及數位赤貧比例下降，數位中產的人口變項也有巨大改變，年齡以中壯年人口為主，教育程度由中學轉變為大學和研究，收入也有所提高，其他數位階層的轉變不明顯；（三）人口變項中年齡、教育程度、收入、職業和數位階層有統計上的顯著相關，尤其在數位赤貧方面，高齡、低教育程度與低收入最為明顯，數位菁英與數位富裕的在人口變項的表現接近；(四)本研究對網路上發表創見者(數位凝聚力)的人口變項進行了解，分析指出發表創見者多集中於高教育程度（大學以上佔63%）、高收入（當年度薪資中位數以上佔59%）及特定職業。本研究發現臺灣數位階層的分布和收入、教育程度，以及特定職業相關，顯示數位階層和傳統社會階層的概念似乎相連通，而數位階層往數位中產集中的現象，是否和我國近年來的社會、經濟和資訊科技發展，以及政府推動之數位落差消彌政策有關，值得持續觀察。

The traditional social stratification is generally divided by wealth, power and prestige. Yet, the advent of the digital age, digital stratification seems to be more effective in interpretation of the phenomenon of information society. Based on the definition of the scholars, digital stratification can be identified by the accessibility of information and communication technology, the desire to use information and communication technology, the ability to access, use and create information content, and digital cohesion. Applying the concept of digital stratification, this study expects to explore the phenomena of the digital stratification in Taiwan. The research questions are: (1) what are the distribution of digital stratification in Taiwan in 2005 and 2015? (2) is there a discrepancy in ten years in terms of digital stratification distribution between these two years? (3) is there a relationship between digital stratification and demographic records? The results of the study show that: (1) the distribution of the digital stratification in terms of high frequency is falling in the digital wealthy (42.8%) and digital poverty (22.9%) in 2005 and digital middle class (73.7%) in 2015; (2) the number of digital middle class increased dramatically in ten-year period from 2005 to 2015; (3) there is a statistically significant correlation between digital stratification and demographic records, such as age, education, income and occupation, especially in the case of digital poverty, the old age, the low level of education and the low income are the most obvious; (4) based on the analysis of the demographic variables presented by the creators (digital cohesion) on the Internet, the analysis points out that the demographic characteristics of the creators are mostly high educational level (63% above the university), the high income (the median salary More than 59%) and specific occupations. This study found that the characteristics of digital stratification are similar to those of traditional social stratification. And the phenomenon of the dramatic increasing of the middle class in 2015 seems to be related to the development of social, economic and information technology and the government policy to promote digital opportunity of which seem to deserve further observation.