港口的區位條件分析--以中國長江沿岸河港為例

Abstract

本文以地形學、水文學原理為基礎，演繹論述河港區位的「地點條件」，並透過對目前長江沿岸126個通航碼頭的選址，以及中國省會及直轄市級所在地的河港地點條件的量化歸納，作者認為優良河港的地點條件可歸納為：位於基蝕坡部位、位於水流瓶頸部位、位於有沙洲縱貫的河段、泊地受地形屏障的河段、位於主支流匯流處的河段等五項，具備愈多項則表示港口之地點條件愈優越，以上述五項地點條件分析中國河港地點條件之優劣，以漢口港最優。其次，長江沿岸港市的發展與「磯」地形有著密切關係。

In this study, we analyze the port site selection criteria of 126 river ports along Yangtze River and tweleve riverside metropolises in China using geomor-phologic and hydrologic principles. We found that favorable conditions include being located in concave bank, in the bottleneck of a stream, in the reach with sand bar, with a geomorphologically protected harbor and at the juncture of two rivers. The more conditions a city meets, the better it serves as a port. Hankou (漢口), for example, meets the most criteria and therefore is the best port according to this study. Additionally, the development of cities along Yangtze River is closely tied to their having rocky riverbank.