分權制衡之實定法原理研究

Abstract

大部分有關分權與制衡理論的闡述，都停留在現象敘述的階段，對於權力分立下的權力單元運作機制的說明，也停留在保障人權的描述裡。卻沒有回答它們是如何畫出權力邊界？如何確保權力邊界？公共規範如何產生？如何以及在什麼機制下，能夠在實際政治中，從憲政主義者所期待的分權與制衡，過渡到使政治系統能夠回應日益增加的輸入要求？ 本文研究目的在嘗試著以現實主義的觀點重新詮釋分權與制衡理論，說明它除了作為一種憲政主義的信仰之外，權力分立結構的運作方式與機制究竟是什麼？並進一步地解釋其成功與失敗的原因，最後則是嘗試提出「積木平衡遊戲」（Domino Game Method）的研究途徑，以有別於過去的賽局理論或行為科學的研究方法。

The major volumes of the discussion on Check and Balance theory are focused on record-making and narration. As for the operation system of power part, it is only held in the description of protecting the human rights, not about how it affects the power boundary, or how to ensure the limit? Or how to generate the public policies? So, how and in what system will the Check and Balance desired by the Constitutionalists practically evolve into a good mechanism to respond to the increasing demands of input? The purpose of this text is trying to reassess Check and Balance theory as a Constitutional belief in the view of Realism, but also to explain its practical functions and mechanism, further the reason of its success and failure, and finally to propose a new method of research as “Domino Game Method”, different from old “Game Theory” or the behavioral scientific method.