自我運動技藝如同他者─運動技術的失憶與復甦經驗之研究
Abstract
對運動員而言，一定常常對自己或他人說出「今天球感怪怪的」的類似話語，而這種感覺經常衝突著運動員的身體經驗，這種長期「球感怪」的現象，其實是技術失憶的現象，也就是技術消失在選手身體之中，其現象經常出現於選手訓練與比賽過程中，旁觀者對於此一現象的產生，多以一種「不是學會就會」的眼神與口吻看待運動員的身體經驗，而此，本研究是為釐清運動技術失憶現象以及探討運動復甦經驗之方法。研究結果如下：（一）運動技術的產生，係由思想、意象與身體三個元素組合而成，意即須有正確的技術思想、成功的技術意象以及身體技術的展現，始能完美的呈現運動技術本身。（二）運動技術的失憶，可分為空間感、時間感與身體感三大部分，一項技術的失憶，面臨多重因素的相互影響，教練與選手間須從此三面向進行細微的探知，以求復甦方式的選取。（三）運動技術的復甦方式共有三種，一為傳統式的不斷重複技術本身，二為保守式的技術導引，三為大膽式的拋棄技術本身，三者皆可能為選手尋回技術，惟因技術失憶後，選手與教練的情緒皆受到波動，本研究建議以保守式及大膽式為佳，盡量減少使用傳統式的方法，以避免選手與教練間產生激烈的衝突現象。
An athlete must have said something like “I’m not in a good feeling today” to himself/herself or others frequently and the perception comforts with the body experience of him/her. The long-term “bad feeling” is the phenomenon of loss of sport skill, which means the previous skills possessed by players have vanished. The phenomenon often occurs in the process of trainings or contests. In terms of the phenomenon occurrence, others always hold an opinion of “you have what you learned” to treat the body experience of athlete. For this reason, the study aimed to clarify the loss of sport skill and discuss the methods to recover it. The results are as follows: (1) The formation of sport skills are consisted of 3 components - thoughts, images and body; the sport skills are presented in perfection by accurate technique thoughts, success technique images and the presentation of physical abilities. (2) The loss of sport skills may be separated into 3 aspects - spatial, temporal and physical. Loss of a technique affects multiple components mutually. Coaches and players should perform a subtle discussion on these aspects to determine the recovery mode. (3) There are 3 ways to recover the sport skills. First is a traditional method to repeat the skill continuously; second is a conventional method to induce the skills; third is an adventurous way to abandon the skill. All of them are possible to recover the ability of athletes, however the affected emotion of players and coaches should be considered. The study suggested that the conventional and adventurous methods are better to be taken and should avoid the traditional way in order to avoid the intense conflict between player and coach.
An athlete must have said something like “I’m not in a good feeling today” to himself/herself or others frequently and the perception comforts with the body experience of him/her. The long-term “bad feeling” is the phenomenon of loss of sport skill, which means the previous skills possessed by players have vanished. The phenomenon often occurs in the process of trainings or contests. In terms of the phenomenon occurrence, others always hold an opinion of “you have what you learned” to treat the body experience of athlete. For this reason, the study aimed to clarify the loss of sport skill and discuss the methods to recover it. The results are as follows: (1) The formation of sport skills are consisted of 3 components - thoughts, images and body; the sport skills are presented in perfection by accurate technique thoughts, success technique images and the presentation of physical abilities. (2) The loss of sport skills may be separated into 3 aspects - spatial, temporal and physical. Loss of a technique affects multiple components mutually. Coaches and players should perform a subtle discussion on these aspects to determine the recovery mode. (3) There are 3 ways to recover the sport skills. First is a traditional method to repeat the skill continuously; second is a conventional method to induce the skills; third is an adventurous way to abandon the skill. All of them are possible to recover the ability of athletes, however the affected emotion of players and coaches should be considered. The study suggested that the conventional and adventurous methods are better to be taken and should avoid the traditional way in order to avoid the intense conflict between player and coach.
Description
Keywords
梅洛龐蒂, 基進反思, 運動身體經驗, 身體記憶, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, radical reflection, athletic body experience, body memory