臺北市國小高年級學生近用綠地行為與健康狀態分析

Abstract

近年綠地促進健康和社會福祉之議題普遍受到重視，許多研究顯示親近公園綠地有益健康狀態，包括在公園綠地上進行實質休閒運動的活動或僅是視覺上的觀賞。然而也有相當比例的研究顯示結果矛盾不一。如何建立綠地與健康之間的關聯性，並逐一檢視都市綠地空間、綠地使用行為及影響健康的複雜關係是重要的課題。 本研究參照綠地空間與健康之社會-生態模式架構，探討國小高年級學生 近用綠地行為對生理健康與心理健康之影響，首先以影響綠地使用行為之前置變項與信念變項來分析綠地使用行為的形成過程，再依據SF-36量表建構健康的八個構面，檢視綠地可及性、社經背景、綠地特徵認知等變項對健康之中介效果。研究以臺北市國小高年級學生為例，抽樣方法採分層便利抽樣法，將臺北市分為北一區市中心區(中正、松山、信義、大安、大同、中山、萬華)，北二區沿山環境區(文山、士林、南港、內湖、北投)，並從臺北市十二行政區中選取學校及其學區內的公園綠地，針對國小五、六年級學生進行問卷施測。共計發放1280份問卷，有效問卷1132份，回收率為88.4%。 資料分析以SPSS 22.0處理，包含描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變數分析、迴歸分析等，探討各構面間影響及中介效果。研究結果顯示：(1)前置變項會部分顯著影響綠地使用行為。(2)綠地使用行為會部分顯著影響健康狀態與學習成效之結果變項。(3)前置變項會部分顯著影響健康狀態與學習成效之結果變項。(4)綠地的信念變項會顯著影響綠地使用行為意圖。(5)綠地使用行為意圖會顯著影響綠地使用行為。本研究參考計畫行為理論架構，建議未來研究者可加入其他相關因素，探討各變項間的關係，使其模式更加完整，並期望此研究為臺灣「健康城市」的概念，提供政府及相關單位規劃之參考依據。The awareness of green space on promoting health and well-being has been increasing, and many studies have shown that access to parks benefits health and well-being whether having physical activities or just visual perception. However, a considerable proportion of the studies shows how contradictory results vary. Therefore, it is important to establish an overall research framework between green space and health, and to evaluate the usage of urban green space and its influence on health. In this study, we established a framework of Social - ecological model to explore the relationship between health and urban green space at elementary schools in Taipei. Firstly, preceding variables and belief variables were used to analyze the formation of green space usage behavior. The relationship between 8 health concepts of Short Form 36(SF-36) and urban green space were investigated, and then we evaluated the effect of variables to health, such as availability of green space, social background, demographics and cognition of green space. By the divided into downtown district and hillside district stratified sampling method was applied to collect data from school children in fifth and sixth grade in Taipei. A total of 1280 questionnaires were conducted, and 1132 valid samples were obtained, with 88.4% valid questionnaires. The analysis includes descriptive statistics, independent samples t test, one-way ANOVA analysis, regression analysis with SPSS 22.0. The results suggested that: (1)preceding variables will partially affect behavior in green space. (2)behavior in green space will partially affect health benefits and learning outcomes of the variables. (3)preceding variables will partially affect health benefits and learning outcomes of the variables. (4)belief of green space will significantly affect behavior in greenspace. (5) intentions of behavior will significantly affect behavior in green space. This study suggest that future studies can enhance the link with age between health and urban green space, and add additional variables to gain more insights to improve physical activity and health promotion for government and related authority.