嘉義市公立國中學生體位與飲食行為、身體活動相關研究

Abstract

本研究目的在探討飲食行為及身體活動與國中學生體位之間的關係，國中學生體位影響因素大致可分為遺傳和環境因素，遺傳因素已無法介入改變，而環境因素中最為重要的是飲食以及身體活動，本研究以此兩大變項為主軸來探討；以嘉義市八所公立國中學生為母群體，抽取12個班級為樣本，共有452人，採用結構式問卷由研究者及各校校護協助施測，問卷分為三部分，個人基本資料、飲食及身體活動，飲食部分參考教育部（1999）所編之學生體重控制手冊中的飲食狀況評量表進行修改，身體活動部份則採用「國際身體活動量表（國中版）─自填圖卡短版」，此量表是國立陽明大學劉影梅博士於2003年取得版權，了解飲食及身體活動和學生體位之間的關係，研究結果可以與實務相結合，了解嘉義市國中學生不良體位主要原因之後，對於教育單位想要施行的改善不良體位方案可以有所助益。 本研究發現嘉義市公立國中學生以體位正常者居多約占五成，過重/肥胖者約占三成，過瘦者則接近兩成；國中生的體位會因性別而有顯著差異，且女生過瘦情形比肥胖情形比率更高，男性則是肥胖情形比過瘦情形比率更高；國中生的體位會因為點心、飲料及宵夜攝食的不同而有顯著差異，體位過重/肥胖的國中生，其點心、飲料及宵夜攝食的情形較體位過瘦及正常的國中多；國中生體位會因為進行中等費力身體活動的時間不同而有所差異。 建議在健康教育課程上應務實進行營養教育，將男女生分開上課，對於女性國中生可以著重讓其認識自我身體意象，避免一昧崇尚「瘦即是美」的錯誤觀念，學習正確看待自己的身體；男姓國中生的部分可以教導正確的飲食觀念及食品的選擇，讓其可以在琳瑯滿目的商品中選擇對自己較健康的食物。在點心、飲料及宵夜部份，也應落實在營養教育中，教導食物的選擇以及良好飲食習慣的建立。在運動部分則應設計中等費力身體活動，讓學生可以每天運動，並且持續的加長運動的時間。The aim of the research was to explore the weight states, dietary behavior, and physical activity among the public junior high school students in Chia Yi City. The factors that influence weight states include genetic and environmental factors. The research focused on the environmental factors, such as diet and physical activity. The study population was the public junior high school students in Chia Yi City. Fifteen classes were randomly selected, with valid questionnaire being 452. A structured questionnaire was developed and the data were collected by the researcher and school nurses. The questionnaire included three parts: background information, dietary behavior, and physical activity. The study tool was adapted from the “Student Weight Control Manual edited by the Ministry of Education (1999) and the "The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IAPQ) " by Dr. Ying-Mei Liu (2003). The study found that about half of the junior high school students in Chia Yi City had normal weight states, with overweight/obese and too-thin being about thirty percent and twenty percent, respectively. The weight states was significantly different among the students with different gender. The rate of too-thin among the female students was higher than that of overweight/obese. In contrast, the rate of overweight/obese was higher than that of too-thin among the male students. The weight states was significantly different among the students with different snacks taking, sweet-beverage drinking, and snack taking before going to bed. Compared to the too-thin and normal weight states groups, the overweight/obese group took more snacks, drank more sweet beverages, and took more snacks before going to bed. In addition, the weight states was significantly different among the students with different time spend on moderate activity. It is suggested that school health education curriculum should emphasize nutrition education. For female students, nutrition education should assist them to explore body image and to correct the myth of “thin is beautiful.” For male students, they should be taught the concept of proper diet and how to appropriately choose healthful foods. Snack taking, sweet-beverage drinking, and snack taking before going to bed should also be discussed in the nutrition class to help students to develop good eating habits. In addition, schools should develop moderate activity for the students and encourage them to take exercise daily and longer.