新北市臺美生態學校夥伴計畫的研究—探討七大步驟之執行方式
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2023
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臺灣推廣生態學校以提升學生自我為目標，期望學校依循生態學校七大步驟與認證過程，以之鼓勵學生主動參與。依據各學校的特色，制定適合的環境友善行動，將節能減碳、環境永續之理念與知識推廣到社區；另外透過臺美生態學校夥伴計畫持續與美國相關學校交流與學習，力求與國際接軌(林菁、沈桂枝、賴秀珍， 2016)。教育方面，結合了台灣十二年國民基本教育課程綱要中的自發、互動、共享之目標精神，使得學校教學方式逐漸傾向於自主行動、相互溝通與互動，及社會參與之方式相互交流及學習。鼓勵學校主動參訪周遭的生態學校，互相觀摩、交流，藉此了解執行生態學校之好處（王懋雯、林勇成、徐榮崇、許仁利、魏雪玲，2015）。臺灣生態學校將環境議題融入至學校課程中，引導學生關注校園中的環境問題，在探索過程中認識校園環境，辨識校園中環境問題，分析環境問題以及其起因，最後藉由生態行動團隊討論出具體之解決方案。本研究挑選2019年至2022年通過綠旗認證之五所臺美生態學校夥伴：新北市市立建安國小、新泰國小、米倉國小、萬里國小、新市國小。分析架構依照臺美生態學校之七大步驟原則，並以環境教育五大目標、探索教育七項活動作為評估指標，透過其分析以上五所國小各自達成七大步驟的目標與進度，以及落實生態學校之路徑。由於資料記錄上的限制，本研究將由上述學校中挑選其於七大步驟中各項執行紀錄相對完整的學校作為該步驟原則的研究標的。生態行動團隊為執行生態學校計畫之核心，七大步驟中最重要的步驟，故本研究將以之作為七大步驟中首要研究的原則（蔡靜惠，2018）。第一步驟：生態行動團隊。第一項—持續運轉，建安國小、米倉國小、新市國小均以該校三年級至五年級作為生態行動團隊的主要成員，確保其計劃得以在六年級學生畢業之際傳承給能在學校的學弟妹，故將以上述學校作為此指標的研究標的。第二項指標—團隊組成條件與角色分工，其中建安國小邀請生態專家共同參與學校生態行動團隊之執行工作，讓環境教育的前期輔以專家的建議與檢視將研擬出有效率且實際的行動方案。第二步驟：環境路徑之檢視與稽核工作。五所生態學校皆以不同之方式執行生態行動團隊，其中米倉國小與萬里國小以分組、分部門之方式，進行每一項，並於定期之會議共同討論各項環境檢視之結果。而建安國小與新市國小皆著重於十項檢視路徑，為五所綠旗生態學校中檢視最多項路徑的兩所生態學校，並透過環境檢視與稽核之成果訂定生態行動方案。第三步驟：生態行動方案之內容。五所生態學校皆以不同方式訂定生態行動方案，其中建安國小直接挑選著重之環境路徑訂定生態行動方案；而新泰國小、米倉國小、萬里國小、新市國小，皆透過期程表制定每日目標，按照進度完成路徑檢視，進而訂定生態行動方案。第四步驟：監控生態行動方案執行情形。萬里國小與米倉國小均有定期分享其行動方案之成果及監控資料方式，並將監控生態行動方案的執行情形、狀況，以及監控資料融入至課程中。第五步驟：結合教育課程。五所生態學校皆以自然科學領域進行環境教育，將生物多樣性與能源之路徑結合自然與生活科技之校本跨領域課程。第六步驟：結合社區。其中新市國小透過社區生態資源舉辦活動，讓學生、社區民眾與家長進行交流與分享。第七步驟：發展生態規範或宣言。新北市五所生態國小均透過公開場合向社區民眾宣導生態規範內容。其中新泰國小將生態規範內容公布於校園中之公佈欄、學校網站、社區明顯處，能夠讓新泰國小之學生家長與附近社區民眾更便利的了解之。
Taiwan promotes eco-schools with the goal of improving students' self-improvement and expects schools to follow the seven steps of eco-schools and the certification process to encourage students to actively participate. According to the characteristics of each school, formulate suitable environmentally friendly actions, and promote the concept and knowledge of energy saving, carbon reduction, and environmental sustainability to the community; In addition, through the Taiwan-US Eco-School Partnership Program, we continue to communicate and learn with relevant schools in the United States, striving to be in line with international standards.In terms of education, combined with the goal spirit of spontaneity, interaction, and sharing in Taiwan's 12-year national basic education curriculum, the school's teaching methods are gradually inclined to independent action, mutual communication, and interaction, and social participation in mutual exchange and learning. Encourage schools to take the initiative to visit the surrounding ecological schools, observe and communicate with each other, so as to understand the benefits of implementing ecological schools. Eco-schools in Taiwan integrate environmental issues into the school curriculum, guide students to pay attention to environmental issues on campus, and learn about the campus environment during the exploration process, identify environmental issues on campus, analyze environmental issues and their causes, and finally discuss with the ecological action team come up with specific solutions.This study selects five Taiwan-American eco-school partners that have passed the green flag certification from 2019 to 2022: New Taipei City Jian-An Elementary School, Xintai Elementary School, Micang Elementary School, Wanli Elementary School, and Sinshih Elementary School. The analysis framework is based on the principles of the seven steps of the Taiwan-US Eco-School, and uses the five major goals of environmental education and the seven activities of exploration education as evaluation indicators. Through the analysis of the goals and progress of each of the above five elementary schools to achieve the seven steps, and the implementation of the Eco-School path.Due to the limitations of data records, this research will select schools with relatively complete implementation records in each of the seven major steps from the above-mentioned schools as the research targets of the principle of this step.The ecological action team is the core of the implementation of the ecological school plan, the most important step in the seven steps, so this research will use it as the primary research principle in the seven steps.Step 1: Form an Eco Committee. The first item is continuous operation. Jian-An Elementary School, Micang Elementary School, and Sinshih Elementary School all use the third to fifth grades of the school as the main members of the ecological action team to ensure that their plans can be passed on to the able-bodied when the sixth graders graduate. The younger siblings in the school, so the above-mentioned schools will be used as the research targets for this indicator. The second indicator—team composition conditions and role division, Jian-An Elementary School invites ecological experts to participate in the implementation of the school's ecological action team, so that the early stage of environmental education can be supplemented with expert suggestions and inspections to develop an efficient and practical Action plan. Step 2: Carry out a Sustainability Audit. The five ecological schools implement the ecological action team in different ways. Among them, Micang Elementary School and Wanli Elementary School conduct each task in groups and departments and discuss the results of various environmental inspections in regular meetings. Both Jian-An Elementary School and Sinshih Elementary School focus on ten inspection paths, and they are the two ecological schools that inspect the most number of paths among the five green flag ecological school, and formulate ecological action plans based on the results of environmental inspections and audits.Step 3: Action Plan. The five ecological schools formulate ecological action plans in different ways, among which Jian-An Elementary School directly selects the environmental path to focus on to formulate ecological action plans; The Xintai Elementary School, Micang Elementary School, Wanli Elementary School, and Sinshih Elementary School all set daily goals through the schedule, complete the path inspection according to the progress, and then formulate ecological action plans.Step 4: Monitor and Evaluate. Both Wanli Elementary School and Micang Elementary School regularly share the results of their action plans and monitoring data methods, and integrate the implementation, status, and monitoring data of the monitoring ecological action plans into the curriculum.Step 5: Curriculum Work. The five eco-schools all carry out environmental education in the field of natural science, combining the path of biodiversity and energy with the school-based interdisciplinary curriculum of nature and life technology.Step 6: Inform and Involve. Among them, Sinshih Elementary School organizes activities through community ecological resources, allowing students, community members and parents to communicate and share.Step 7: Produce an Eco Code. The five ecological elementary schools in New Taipei City have publicized the content of ecological norms to the community through public occasions.Among them, the content of the ecological norms of the new Thai elementary school is published on the bulletin board on the campus, the school website, and the obvious place in the community, so that the parents of the students of the new Thai elementary school and the people in the nearby community can understand it more conveniently.
Taiwan promotes eco-schools with the goal of improving students' self-improvement and expects schools to follow the seven steps of eco-schools and the certification process to encourage students to actively participate. According to the characteristics of each school, formulate suitable environmentally friendly actions, and promote the concept and knowledge of energy saving, carbon reduction, and environmental sustainability to the community; In addition, through the Taiwan-US Eco-School Partnership Program, we continue to communicate and learn with relevant schools in the United States, striving to be in line with international standards.In terms of education, combined with the goal spirit of spontaneity, interaction, and sharing in Taiwan's 12-year national basic education curriculum, the school's teaching methods are gradually inclined to independent action, mutual communication, and interaction, and social participation in mutual exchange and learning. Encourage schools to take the initiative to visit the surrounding ecological schools, observe and communicate with each other, so as to understand the benefits of implementing ecological schools. Eco-schools in Taiwan integrate environmental issues into the school curriculum, guide students to pay attention to environmental issues on campus, and learn about the campus environment during the exploration process, identify environmental issues on campus, analyze environmental issues and their causes, and finally discuss with the ecological action team come up with specific solutions.This study selects five Taiwan-American eco-school partners that have passed the green flag certification from 2019 to 2022: New Taipei City Jian-An Elementary School, Xintai Elementary School, Micang Elementary School, Wanli Elementary School, and Sinshih Elementary School. The analysis framework is based on the principles of the seven steps of the Taiwan-US Eco-School, and uses the five major goals of environmental education and the seven activities of exploration education as evaluation indicators. Through the analysis of the goals and progress of each of the above five elementary schools to achieve the seven steps, and the implementation of the Eco-School path.Due to the limitations of data records, this research will select schools with relatively complete implementation records in each of the seven major steps from the above-mentioned schools as the research targets of the principle of this step.The ecological action team is the core of the implementation of the ecological school plan, the most important step in the seven steps, so this research will use it as the primary research principle in the seven steps.Step 1: Form an Eco Committee. The first item is continuous operation. Jian-An Elementary School, Micang Elementary School, and Sinshih Elementary School all use the third to fifth grades of the school as the main members of the ecological action team to ensure that their plans can be passed on to the able-bodied when the sixth graders graduate. The younger siblings in the school, so the above-mentioned schools will be used as the research targets for this indicator. The second indicator—team composition conditions and role division, Jian-An Elementary School invites ecological experts to participate in the implementation of the school's ecological action team, so that the early stage of environmental education can be supplemented with expert suggestions and inspections to develop an efficient and practical Action plan. Step 2: Carry out a Sustainability Audit. The five ecological schools implement the ecological action team in different ways. Among them, Micang Elementary School and Wanli Elementary School conduct each task in groups and departments and discuss the results of various environmental inspections in regular meetings. Both Jian-An Elementary School and Sinshih Elementary School focus on ten inspection paths, and they are the two ecological schools that inspect the most number of paths among the five green flag ecological school, and formulate ecological action plans based on the results of environmental inspections and audits.Step 3: Action Plan. The five ecological schools formulate ecological action plans in different ways, among which Jian-An Elementary School directly selects the environmental path to focus on to formulate ecological action plans; The Xintai Elementary School, Micang Elementary School, Wanli Elementary School, and Sinshih Elementary School all set daily goals through the schedule, complete the path inspection according to the progress, and then formulate ecological action plans.Step 4: Monitor and Evaluate. Both Wanli Elementary School and Micang Elementary School regularly share the results of their action plans and monitoring data methods, and integrate the implementation, status, and monitoring data of the monitoring ecological action plans into the curriculum.Step 5: Curriculum Work. The five eco-schools all carry out environmental education in the field of natural science, combining the path of biodiversity and energy with the school-based interdisciplinary curriculum of nature and life technology.Step 6: Inform and Involve. Among them, Sinshih Elementary School organizes activities through community ecological resources, allowing students, community members and parents to communicate and share.Step 7: Produce an Eco Code. The five ecological elementary schools in New Taipei City have publicized the content of ecological norms to the community through public occasions.Among them, the content of the ecological norms of the new Thai elementary school is published on the bulletin board on the campus, the school website, and the obvious place in the community, so that the parents of the students of the new Thai elementary school and the people in the nearby community can understand it more conveniently.
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臺美生態學校, 環境路徑, 七大步驟, Taiwan-US Eco-Campus Partnership, The Seven Steps, Environmental Path