桃園市幼兒園家長對孩童使用3C產品的視力保健行為及其相關因素研究—健康信念模式之應用

Abstract

本研究以橫斷性調查研究法，探討桃園市幼兒園家長對孩童使用3C產品的視力保健行為及其相關因素。以立意取樣的方式，選擇三所103學年度就讀桃園市幼兒園之孩童家長為研究對象，共644人。利用自編結構式問卷進行資料蒐集，獲得有效問卷524份。研究結果如下： 一、研究對象對孩童使用3C產品的視力保健知識、對孩童使用3C產品而患眼疾之自覺罹患性、自覺嚴重性、視力保健自覺有效性、視力保健行動線索、視力保健自我效能及視力保健行為整體來說都不錯，屬中上程度；而且視力保健自覺障礙性亦不高，屬中下程度。 二、研究對象的背景變項中，以「對孩童使用3C產品的視力保健知識」與視力保健健康信念、視力保健行動線索及視力保健自我效能皆呈顯著正相關；而「孩童平均每日使用3C產品時間」，除了與視力保健自覺有效性及視力保健行動線索無關外，與其自覺罹患性、自覺嚴重性、視力保健自覺障礙性及視力保健自我效能呈顯著負相關。另外，「家長身分別」或「家長是否視力不良」與其自覺罹患性有關；「家長身分別」或「家長年齡」與其自覺嚴重性有關；「家長社經地位」與其視力保健自覺障礙性有關；「家長社經地位」或「家長是否視力不良」或「家長年齡」或「孩童是否視力不良」與其視力保健行動線索有關。 三、研究對象中以高社經地位者對孩童使用3C產品的視力保健行為較佳；孩童平均每日使用3C產品時間與其視力保健行為呈負相關，對孩童使用3C產品的視力保健知識、視力保健健康信念、視力保健行動線索、視力保健自我效能與其視力保健行為呈正相關。 四、研究對象背景變項、對孩童使用3C產品的視力保健健康信念、視力保健行動線索及視力保健自我效能能有效預測其視力保健行為， 並可解釋其總變異量之43.9%。在各預測變項互相控制後，孩童平均每日使用3C產品時間越短者、對孩童使用3C產品而患眼疾之自覺障礙性越低者、對孩童使用3C產品的視力保健行動線索越多者及視力保健自我效能越高者，對孩童使用3C產品的視力保健行為執行度越佳。 本研究依結論提出對未來教育及政府單位之建議及改進方針，以提升研究對象對孩童使用3C產品的視力保健行為。

The main prupose of this study was to explore the parents’ vision care behavior and its related factors regarding the usage of 3C products among the kindergarden children in Taoyuan City with cross-sectional survey design. By using purposive sampling method, a sample of 644 parents of three kindergardens in Taoyuan City in 2014 academic year as the subjects of the study. Data collection with self-administered structured questionnaires, 524 valid questionnaires were obtained. The major findings of the study are as follows: 1.Generally speaking, the findings were not bad that showed above the average scores in vision care knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits of taking action, vision care cues to action, vision care self-efficacy, and vision care behavior among the subjects. Besides, the scores of perceived barriers of taking action were not high which below the average. 2.There was a significant positive correlation between vision care knowledge and health beliefs, cues to action, and self-efficacy, respectively. Apart from perceived benefits of taking action and cues to action, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived barriers of taking action, and self-efficacy showed significant negative correlation with average minutes of the children’s usage of 3C products in one day, respectively. In addition, it was found that there was somewhat correlation between or among the following variables, respectively: parents’ identity or parents’ vision health status and the perceived susceptibility, parents’ identity or parents’ age and the perceived severity, parents’ social economic status (SES) and the perceived barriers of taking action, parents’ SES or parents’ vision health status or parents’ age or children’s vision health status and the vision care cues to action. 3.In terms of the parents’ SES, the superior background participants had better vision care behavior than the others. The average minutes of the children’s usage of 3C products in one day showed a significant negative correlation with vision care behavior. Vision care knowledge, vision care health beliefs, vision care cues to action, and vision care self-efficacy showed significant positive correlation with vision care behavior, respectively. 4.The background variables, vision care health beliefs, vision care cues to action, and vision care self-efficacy could explain 43.9% of the total variance of vision care behavior. After controlling predict variables, it was found that the shorter the average minutes of the children’s usage of 3C products in one day, the lower the perceived barriers of taking action, the more the cues to action, and the more the self-efficacy, which could lead to the more positive vision care behavior. Based on the findings of the study, recommendations for educational policies, governmental agencies, and future studies were drawn in order to upgrade parents’ vision care behavior regarding their children’s usage of 3C products.