尋找藏寶圖中的秘密：漫畫同人誌創作者學校內外藝術學習歷程關連性之研究

Abstract

尋找藏寶圖中的秘密： 漫畫同人誌創作者學校內外藝術學習歷程關連性之研究 摘 要 當代藝術教育已突破以往僅專注於精緻藝術的一元化價值發展，帶給學生有別於傳統藝術教育的形式與內容，而逐漸對大眾文化、本土文化、多元文化等議題展開雙臂。在藝術教育研究領域的擴展之下，本研究試圖透過受到大眾文化漫畫影響至深的一群人，也就是漫畫同人誌創作者的學習歷程，剖析這些創作者自身學校內外藝術學習歷程之關連性，進而從中抽取對未來台灣藝術教育的建言。 本研究採取質量方法並重的方式，藉由參與觀察、問卷調查以及深度個案訪談的三個研究階段進行相關研究資料的收集，並以活躍於台北各大販售會的創作者為研究對象母群。參與觀察階段包括對幾場台北販售會的參與觀察，而他人焦點團體訪談之參與觀察、對某一位創作者所做的一日貼身觀察以及問卷調查、深度訪談等個案來源皆來自於參與台北大場販售會的創作者。資料收集之後除了對質、量資料的分門處理之外，也在研究結果詮釋階段作質、量資料的相互對照與佐證。 在透析所收集之資料之後，發現校內外藝術學習歷程間的關連界線是十分模糊的，故研究結論分為「差異性關連」與「影響性關連」兩個部分進行討論： 一、不同藝術受教背景確有可能造成相異的學校藝術學習經驗。從學習環境、學習目標、學習方式等層面的差異，發現校內外藝術學習歷程間的差異性關連；但是，對於學校藝術受教型態影響漫畫同人誌創作發展的調查結果看來，並未發現不同藝術受教背景的漫畫同人誌創作者，與漫畫創作發展間存在有任何可能的影響模式。 二、影響性關連面向上，根據本研究發現，不同藝術受教背景在學校內外藝術學習歷程間關連性之可能面向有四： （一）興趣引發面向 學校藝術教育並非影響他們對從事漫畫創作感興趣的可能因素，但是在頻繁接觸漫畫創作之後，卻可能增進他們對學校藝術學習的動機。 （二）創作技法之影響面向 繪畫能力的相互影響，是大多數創作者所認同的。也就是不論其藝術受教背景為何，都認為學校藝術學習與漫畫創作之間的技法方面互有正向的影響。 （三）創作思維與審美之影響 對於學校藝術教育影響漫畫同人誌創作的思維經驗認同度方面，普遍呈現偏低認同度的情況。並且曾接受專業藝術教育創作者的認同度，有高於未曾接受專業藝術教育創作者的情況；而對於漫畫同人誌創作影響學校方面的藝術思維，則大多呈現高度贊同的情況。 （四）對漫畫創作認同與支持度之面向 研究發現，學校師長對漫畫的看法是可能影響創作者對校內外藝術學習關連性之意見傾向因素之一。由於學校師長對漫畫的不認同，而使得他們可能懷疑校內外藝術學習間的關連性，或者是更激發他們要達成此關連的意志。 三、根據本研究所得對台灣藝術教育之建言 （一）漫畫同人誌創作經驗代替了部分藝術教育的功能，它可能提供有別於學校藝術學習的內容，學校不必排斥學生自發性接觸的文化活動。 （二）藝術教師應培養自身對藝術宏觀的視野 學校藝術教師應以廣博的態度看待藝術，通俗藝術也是藝術領域的一環，不應特別被排除在外。對學生所從事的藝術相關次文化亦是如此。 （三）學校藝術教育不應將成人既有的價值觀套用在學生身上 研究發現，創作者之所以產生學校內外藝術創作理念的衝突，多來自於學校所強加的藝術價值觀所帶來之壓力，故認為學校不應強迫學生接受單一價值觀對於所有藝術的可能性應是採取兼容並蓄的態度。 關鍵詞：漫畫同人誌、學生自發性藝術創作、藝術教育、視覺文化、學生次文化Revealing the secret of the treasure map: Research on the art learning process of Dojinshi in school and outside of the school Summery Contemporary Art education break through the realistic art one-direction development, which has brought the new art formats and contents to students other than the traditional art education. The new art education has gradually close to the public culture, local culture and multi culture. To expand on the art education field of research, this research try to investigate the art learning process from a group of art creators in the comic forum, who is deeply influenced by the public culture. Analyzed their learning process to see if there are any relations between in school and outside school art studies. From the research, hope to find useful results for the future Taiwan art education. This research is using both qualitative and quantitative methods by observing, filling out questionnaires and personal interviews three stages for information collecting, also present in Taipei major tradeshows for random sample collecting. On the observing stage, tradeshow visitors are the research group, also focus group, one-day observation on one comic creator, questionnaire filling and intensive interviews. All samples are from comic creators in major tradeshows. Samples are being categorized into quantity and quality information. Both quantity and quality information are use to compare, or to proof of any evidence on the research result. After analyzing all collected information, find that there is hard to draw a clear line on the differences have in school and outside of school art studies for Dojinshi. The result of this research can be discussed in two different ways, the differential relations and the influential relations. 1. Different personal art background is possible to have a different experience in school art leaning. The differences between in school and outside of school art learning are learning environment, study goal and learning method. But, from the result of in school art influence, research result finds that there is no influence model in Dojinshi or professional comic creators what so ever. 2. On the influential relations, according to the research result, there are four findings of possible relations between in school and outside school art learning for Dojinshi. l Personal Interest School art education is not the influence factor for them to get interest in comic creations, but constantly in touch with comic art creating information outside of school could possibly improve their willingness to learn art in school. l Comic creating skills Drawing skill is essential to comic creation that is agreed by the most comic creators. No matter what personal art background a comic creator has, Dojinshi think that school art education is a good way to improve on their drawing skills. l Creative concepts and Aesthetics Majority of Dojinshi thinks that school art education does not have influence on their creativity, and comic creators who have professional art education agree on the comments more than creators who do not have professional art education. On the comments of Dojinshi’ artworks does influence school art creative concepts, is highly agreeable among Dojinshi. l Support and appreciation for comic art creation From research finding, schoolteachers think that comic art is a possible factor to influence in school and outside school art learning. Schoolteachers do not appreciate comic art, which is the reason for them to suspect the relations, or give them an excuse to claim any relations between the in school and outside school art learning. 3. Useful research result for better Taiwan art education l Comic forum has taken over part of the art education functions, it has provided a new way of art learning. Schools are not necessary to against students’ spontaneous art creating activities. l Art teachers should be more open minded to any forms of art creation. Art teachers should have a broad view to see art; public art is also in the art field, which should not be excluded, so does the art related subculture. l School art education should not impose the existing art value to student. From research findings, Dojinshi have the conflict on the in school and outside school art learning concepts; it is because schools reinforce the art value and give the student pressures to create certain forms of art. So, school should not insist on only one kind of art value, but all of the possibilities in art. Key word: Dojinshi, students’ spontaneous art creating activities, art education, visual culture, students’ subculture