說不出的知道:運動默會知識(tacit knowledge)的體驗
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2006
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如同所有神話,美麗境界中的美麗身體,是所有運動者朝聖的神秘世界。流傳在運動領域不同版本的經驗故事,以高峰經驗、流暢經驗、美感經驗、無我經驗、神祕經驗、它射經驗等神話形式,各自滋生滋長,卻隱然若有關聯。
故事的起點來自於赫然發現運動經驗共通的關鍵詞─「說不出的知道」,研究者試圖抓住「知道」的情節線,分支捕捉運動員經驗面向「時間的樣子」、「空間的樣子」、「身體的樣子」以及「人我的關係」,建構成一個運動現場的文本。故事的終點止於一種不同觀看運動員經驗的方式:視運動行家為先知,演示行家技術的孕育是充滿意識的過程,認可行家技術不可言說,不可言傳的默會特質,理所當然行家絕技的誕生是啟發性臆測的表徵,提出運動默會知識的普通結構。故事的貢獻結論於說出一門羽球接發球本領的準則,來自於處理「我與身體的關聯」、「身體與球路的關聯」、「球路與準則的關聯」以及「球路與我的關聯」的高度連結不同關聯的能力。
我的身體經驗故事不僅在敘說的內容上引領我進入運動員的經驗故事之中,也在敘說故事的方法上趨使本研究走向運動員與研究者共敘經驗故事的方法論之中,章節的呈現,藉由看似鬆散,實則包羅萬象的運動現場文本開啟敘事,以研究者置身在敘事中,移動分析思考作為主要研究方法。
通往傳說中捉模不定的美麗境界,默會知識提供的是ㄧ條朝聖者的捷徑,捷徑若沒有朝聖者足跡的累積,終究只是一階階可被用於評析、賞識的身體準則,唯有朝聖者實踐的步伐,捷徑才足以指引美麗身體通往運動中美麗境界。
Like all mythology, the beautiful figure in a beautiful realm is the secret world where all athletes aspire to make a pilgrimage. Stories of different versions of experiences that spread in athletic realm develop and grow individually in mythical forms of peak experience, flow experience, aesthetic experience, unconscious experience, mystical experience, It-Shot experience, and so forth, but there are some latent correlations between them. The beginning ofthe story is from the impressive discovery of the common key phrase in athletic experiences—"the knowing that cannot be told." The researcher tries to construct a text of athletic scene by catching the plots of "knowing" and grabbing the athletic experiences in the aspects of "time", "space", "body", and "the relationship with others." The ending of the story is a different way to view the athletic experiences: to regard the athletic connoisseurs as prophets, to demonstrate that the cultivation of connoisseurs' skills is a process full of consciousness, to recognize that the tacit property of connoisseurs' skills is unspeakable and unspecifiable. Of course, the birth of connoisseurship is a symbol of inspiring hypothesis and brings forth a general structure of tactic knowledge in athletics. The contribution of the story is to conclude with the maxim of serving and receiving skills in playing badminton. The maxim is from the ability to highly connect different correlations, including "the correlation between me and body", "the correlation between body and shots ", "the correlation between shots and maxim", and "the correlation between maxim and me." The story of my own physical experience not only leads me into the stories of athletic experiences in the narrative content, but also impels the research towards a methodology in which athletes and the researcher narrate the stories of experiences together in the method of narrating the story. The presentation of the text seems loose. Actually, the main method of the research is to begin narrating with a text of various kinds of athletic scenes and to put the researcher in the narrative to analyze and reason it movingly. Tacit knowledge provides a shortcut for the pilgrims towards the unpredictable beautiful realm in the legend. Without the accumulation of the pilgrims' steps, the shortcut, after all, is only a physical maxim used for analysis, criticism, and appreciation. Only with the fulfillment of the pilgrims' steps, the shortcut can lead the beautiful figure to the beautiful realm in athletics.
Like all mythology, the beautiful figure in a beautiful realm is the secret world where all athletes aspire to make a pilgrimage. Stories of different versions of experiences that spread in athletic realm develop and grow individually in mythical forms of peak experience, flow experience, aesthetic experience, unconscious experience, mystical experience, It-Shot experience, and so forth, but there are some latent correlations between them. The beginning ofthe story is from the impressive discovery of the common key phrase in athletic experiences—"the knowing that cannot be told." The researcher tries to construct a text of athletic scene by catching the plots of "knowing" and grabbing the athletic experiences in the aspects of "time", "space", "body", and "the relationship with others." The ending of the story is a different way to view the athletic experiences: to regard the athletic connoisseurs as prophets, to demonstrate that the cultivation of connoisseurs' skills is a process full of consciousness, to recognize that the tacit property of connoisseurs' skills is unspeakable and unspecifiable. Of course, the birth of connoisseurship is a symbol of inspiring hypothesis and brings forth a general structure of tactic knowledge in athletics. The contribution of the story is to conclude with the maxim of serving and receiving skills in playing badminton. The maxim is from the ability to highly connect different correlations, including "the correlation between me and body", "the correlation between body and shots ", "the correlation between shots and maxim", and "the correlation between maxim and me." The story of my own physical experience not only leads me into the stories of athletic experiences in the narrative content, but also impels the research towards a methodology in which athletes and the researcher narrate the stories of experiences together in the method of narrating the story. The presentation of the text seems loose. Actually, the main method of the research is to begin narrating with a text of various kinds of athletic scenes and to put the researcher in the narrative to analyze and reason it movingly. Tacit knowledge provides a shortcut for the pilgrims towards the unpredictable beautiful realm in the legend. Without the accumulation of the pilgrims' steps, the shortcut, after all, is only a physical maxim used for analysis, criticism, and appreciation. Only with the fulfillment of the pilgrims' steps, the shortcut can lead the beautiful figure to the beautiful realm in athletics.
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默會知識, 默會致知, 運動知識, 運動員經驗, tacit knowledge, tacit knowing, athletic knowledge, athletic experience