中藥在動物食品添加物之研發與應用

Abstract

臺灣氣候高溫潮濕，微生物容易滋長，動物的飼養空間較國外相對狹小，不但影響動物的繁殖或生長，同時也增加感染疾病的風險，如豬瘟、禽流感等。而我們現今為少子化與老人化的社會，寵物(或稱伴侶動物)已為家庭的一份子，除了日常的食衣住行外，近幾年的寵物醫療日趨重視。本論文針對動物「食」的部分進行研究，不管是經濟動物或是寵物，成長或生病時，抗生素常被添加於動物的飼料添加物或保健食品中。長期使用抗生素的結果，除了直接影響動物的健康，也間接影響人類身體健康，更造成了對環境的衝擊，因此近年來世界各國都在研發替代抗生素的替代物，或是藉由各種活動如世界動物衛生組織(Office International des Epizooties；OIE)提倡「世界抗生素覺醒週」、畜牧業推廣「無抗飼養」活動等等，都是期望減量或不用「抗生素」。我國行政院農業委員會自2000年開始至今，已禁用36項含抗生素飼料添加劑。在東方，幾千年文化的「中藥」，近年來逐漸被世界各國認同與接受，隨著生技產業與人工智慧的興起，傳統的中藥材料以科學的方式轉換為「傳統製劑」或「濃縮製劑」，食用方便與多樣化的選擇提供消費者購買使用。本論文以「濃縮中藥」配方做為抗生素的替代物進行動物實驗，確實可以達到預期的效果。如以「理中湯」為主要配方之濃縮中藥做為飼料添加物餵食小豬與施打抗生素之小豬比較，餵食濃縮中藥的組別確實可提高小豬的存活率；如以龜鹿為主要配方的濃縮中藥餵食老年小鼠後，確實可以緩解骨質疏鬆的症狀。因此，本論文希望利用「濃縮中藥」做為抗生素的替代物，目的為研發動物的飼料添加物或保健食品，讓動物食的更健康，提高自身的免疫力以對抗不良的環境。Taiwan’s weather is hot and humid, microorganisms are prone to grow. The space to breed economic animals is relatively small in comparison with foreign countries, so this affects their growth and reproduction, and increases the risks of flu and swine fever. Taiwan society is in birthrate decline and aging stage, pets (companion animals ) have become members of the family, people care about their food, clothing, housing and transportation. This dissertation is a research about the food of the economic animals or pets. In order to accelerate the growth of the animals, and reduce the occurrence of diseases, the antibiotics are used in animals’ food and healthy food. However, the long-term using of antibiotics not only affects human health, but also have environmental impacts.The world is looking for materials to replace antibiotics, one of the options is Chinese herbal medicine. Therefore the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) promotes the"World Antibiotic Awakening Week", and the livestock husbandry of various countries in the world continues promoting “antibiotic-free feeding” so will no longer use antibiotic feed additives. Since 2000 Taiwan’s Agriculture Committee of Executive Yuan already banned thirty-six antibiotics medicated feed additives (AGP). In the Eastern World, traditional Chinese herbal medicine has thousands of years, and has been gradually recognized and accepted by countries all over the world in recent years.Biotechnology industry has reached the age of artificial intelligence, and the traditional Chinese herbal medicine has been transformed into scientific way as western medicine into tablets, powder to provide users difference choices. This dissertation used scientific Chinese medicine compound formula to feed experimental mice or economic animals and then to compare the situation before feeding the medicine. We obtained quite satisfactory results. For example, the traditional Chinese medicine of Tortoise Shell and Deer Antler Combination also proved to relieve the symptoms of osteoporosis in elder mice. Our thesis hope to use compound Chinese medicine to replace the antibiotics, this is to make a research in animals’ food additives or health care products that are effective for animal’s good health, to improve their own immunity against bad environment.