PETTLEP意象訓練對大專公開一級籃球運動員投籃表現、自信心及焦慮之影響

Abstract

眾多研究已證實，PETTLEP模式之意象訓練有助運動員提升運動表現、自信心及降低狀態焦慮，然而過往大多數研究皆採實驗分組進行，以團體課程介入，比較介入前後實驗組與控制組之差異。至於實務訓練場域中實施PETTLEP意象訓練的研究，甚為少見，故本研究擬進入實際運動團隊中，以高競技水準的運動員設計PETTLEP的介入研究。目的：本研究探討PETTLEP意象訓練對公開一級大專籃球運動員運動表現、自信心及競賽焦慮的影響。方法：本研究參與者是三位男性公開一級大專籃球運動員。以單一受試者設計進行為期8週之介入研究。依照PETTLEP之七項要素設計意象訓練課程，資料收集有動態投籃測驗、狀態性焦慮量表、動作意象問卷及開放式問題。收集的資料以描述性統計及線性迴歸做為視覺分析，並歸納整理質性資料。結果：根據資料分析結果，在8週的介入的變化趨勢，運動表現：參與者A呈現持平、參與者B呈現進步、參與者C呈現退步。在狀態自信：參與者A呈現持平、參與者B呈現提升、參與者C呈現持平。在狀態焦慮：參與者A呈現降低、參與者B呈現降低，參與者C呈現持平。操弄檢核的質性結果，整體符合的變化趨勢。結論：經過八週之意象訓練，研究參與者A之運動表現持平、狀態自信持平、狀態焦慮降低；研究參與者B之運動表現提升、狀態自信提升、狀態焦慮降低；研究參與者C之運動表現退步，狀態自信持平、狀態焦慮持平。推測可能原因為A與C於介入期間接受教練指導進行投籃動作調整，PETTLEP意象腳本亦進行修改，因此呈現上述趨勢，若延長意象介入週次，兩者之運動表現應會逐漸進步，整體練習效果也會反映於狀態自信與狀態焦慮，呈現與B相近之結果。意象腳本須進行個別化設計，如有必要調整，應視技術訓練及個人特質調整腳本內容。針對使用意象之真正目的建立專屬腳本，內容須融入過往經驗並適時調整，使意象訓練發揮最大成效。

Many studies have confirmed that imagery training in the PETTLEP model can help athletes improve sports performance, self-confidence and reduce state anxiety. However, most previous studies were conducted in experimental groups, with group course intervention to compare the differences between the experimental group and the control group before and after intervention. As for the research on the implementation of PETTLEP imagery training in practical training fields, it is very rare. Therefore, this study intends to enter the actual sports team and design an interventional study of PETTLEP with high-level athletes. Purpose: This study explores the impact of PETTLEP imagery training on performance, self-confidence, and competition anxiety of open Division I college basketball players. Methods: Participants in this study were three male open Division I junior college basketball players. An 8-week interventional study was conducted using a single-subject design. The imagery training course is designed according to the seven elements of PETTLEP. Data collection includes dynamic shooting test, state anxiety scale, action imagery questionnaire and open-ended questions. The collected data were visually analyzed using descriptive statistics and linear regression, and qualitative data were summarized and sorted. Results: According to the data analysis results, the change trend of the intervention during the 8 weeks, sports performance: Participant A showed the same level, Participant B showed improvement, and Participant C showed regression. Confidence in the state: Participant A shows the same level, Participant B shows the improvement, and Participant C shows the same level. In state anxiety: Participant A showed a decrease, Participant B showed a decrease, and Participant C showed the same level. The qualitative results of the manipulation inspection are generally consistent with the changing trend. Conclusion: After eight weeks of imagery training, study participant A’s exercise performance, state confidence remained the same, and state anxiety decreased; study participant B’s exercise performance, state confidence increased, and state anxiety decreased; study participant C’s exercise performance Regressed, state confidence remained the same, state anxiety remained the same. It is speculated that the possible reason is that A and C received coaching guidance from the coach to adjust their shooting movements during the intervention period, and the PETTLEP imagery script was also modified. Therefore, the above trend appears. If the imagery intervention weeks are extended, the sports performance of the two should gradually improve, and the overall training effect It will also be reflected in state confidence and state anxiety, showing results similar to B. The imagery script must be individually designed. If necessary, the content of the script should be adjusted based on technical training and personal characteristics. Establish an exclusive script based on the true purpose of using imagery. The content must be integrated with past experience and adjusted in a timely manner to maximize the effectiveness of imagery training.