摘要結果獲知的時近訊息−訊息量與練習量的動作表現與學習效應

Abstract

提供時近摘要結果獲知是評估學習者在動作表現與學習的影響變項。本研究旨在探討時近摘要結果獲知的訊息量與練習量的效應對於動作表現與學習的影響。實驗一與實驗二分別招募48與36名成人為實驗參加者，實驗工作為準確性的高爾夫推桿動作。實驗一針對時近SKR訊息量對動作表現與學習的影響；結果顯示中訊息量組的準確性在保留測驗顯著優於立即KR組、高訊息量與低訊息量組；中訊息量組的立即改變誤差顯著小於低訊息量組；以及在動作記憶固化的表現上，高、中、低訊息量三組皆優於立即KR組。實驗二探討在時近訊息SKR的提供下，練習量對動作表現與學習的影響。結果發現高練習量與中練習量組，無論在獲得期和保留測驗的準確性以及動作記憶固化皆顯著優於低練習量組。本研究的結論是：（一）提供中等的時近摘要結果獲知之訊息量，對動作表現的進步情形，以及動作學習的準確性與動作記憶固化有正面的影響；（二）中等的練習量有助於動作表現與學習的準確性與動作記憶固化；再者，較低的時近SKR訊息可透過較高練習量的補償，亦有助於動作表現與學習。

The provision of recent information in summary knowledge of results is a crucial variable for the assessment of the learner’s performance and learning. This study was designed to examine the impact of recent KR information amount and practice on motor performance and learning. Forty-eight and thirty-six adults served as participants in experiment I and II. Golf putting for accuracy was the experimental task. Experiment I examined the information amount in SKR on motor performance and learning. Results revealed that Mid-I group had significantly higher accuracy than that of High-I, Low-I and Immediately KR groups in retention test. Mid-I group showed significantly smaller immediate change error than Immediately KR group. Furthermore, High-I, Mid-I, and Low-I groups presented a better performance of motor memory consolidation than Immediately KR group. Experiment II was designed, under the recent information in SKR, to examine the amount of practice on motor performance and learning. The results showed that High-P and Mid-P groups had significantly superior accuracy and motor memory consolidation than Low-P group in both acquisition phase and retention test. Findings from this study suggested that (1) The provision of moderate recent information in SKR may facilitate the movement accuracy and motor memory consolidation in motor learning, and (2) Moderate practice may facilitate the movement accuracy and motor memory consolidation in motor performance and learning; Moreover, low recent information in SKR combined with higher amount of practice led to similar performance.