臺北市國中體育教師社會性別與工作壓力之相關研究

Abstract

本研究旨在探討國中體育教師其社會性別與工作壓力之關係，以問卷調查方式瞭解國中體育教師整體的壓力程度，並輔以深度訪談以瞭解其工作壓力的細微歷程，同時考量社會性別對於工作壓力程度與歷程的影響，主要研究結論如下：

一、性別歧視會同時加深與削弱體育教師的工作壓力感受，但加深的程度大於削弱的程度 量化研究顯示，性別歧視態度與工作壓力有顯著正相關，男性體育教師比女性有較高的性別歧視態度，惟其在整體工作壓力程度差異不大。質性研究發現歧視態度帶來的代價與利益會加深與削弱工作壓力感受。 二、男女體育教師有習而不察的「親善型性別歧視」與不敢表態的「敵意型性別歧視」 量化研究顯示男女體育教師皆對彼此抱持較高的「敵意型」性別歧視態度，質性訪談時則呈現較多「親善型」較少「敵意型」歧視態度的不同結果。 三、男女受訪者皆未質疑傳統社會性別關係 量化研究顯示性別歧視態度普遍存在於體育教師的工作環境中，且男性普遍有較高的性別歧視態度。而質性研究卻發現，女性受訪者會覺察到性別不平等現象，但男女受訪者皆將其視為合理的兩性互補關係。 四、社會性別態度影響體育教師知覺工作壓力的歷程 量化研究顯示社會性別態度與壓力有顯著相關。質性研究發現，不同社會性別態度會有不同的壓力歷程，影響的層面包括對於壓力的認知方式、述說方式與因應方式三個層面。The purpose of this study is to explore the correlation between gender and job stress on junior high school physical education (PE) teachers. It adopts a questionnaire investigation method to learn about the overall stress extent of junior high school PE teachers, and is assisted with in-depth interview in order to understand the detailed history of job stress, and meanwhile, to consider on the effects of gender towards job stress extent and stress history. The main research conclusions are as follows: 1. Sexism will simultaneously deepen and weaken job stress feeling on junior high school PE teachers; however, the deepening extent is greater than weakening extent A quantitative study has indicated that there is a significant positive correlation between sexism attitude and job stress, and that male PE teachers have a higher sexism attitude than female teachers. However, the variance in overall job stress extent is small. Meanwhile, the qualitative study has discovered that the cost and benefits caused by discriminatory attitude would deepen and weaken job stress feeling.

2. Both men and women PE teachers are familiar with, but seem not aware of the problem of “benevolent-based sexism,” and they dare not take a stand against “hostile-based sexism” A quantitative study has shown that both men and women PE teachers hold a high “hostile-based” sexism attitude towards each other. While during the qualitative interviewing process, there were different results to reveal that the tendency towards “benevolent-based” discriminatory attitude was greater than “hostile-based” discriminatory attitude.

3. Both men and women respondents were unquestioned about traditional gender relationship A quantitative study has displayed a prevalence of sexism attitude to exist among the working environment of PE teachers, and that men generally have a higher sexism attitude. On the other hand, the qualitative study has discovered that women respondents are aware of gender inequalities, but then both male and female respondents have regarded it as a reasonable complementary relationship between sexes.

4. The impact that gender attitude had on PE teacher history of perception and job stress A quantitative study has revealed a significant correlation between gender attitude and stress. While the qualitative study has found that different gender attitude have different stress history, and among the three influential aspects are a cognition approach towards stress, descriptive manners and coping methods.