振動運動結合高強度動態熱身對隨後衝刺表現之影響

Abstract

目的：本研究旨在利用高強度熱身誘發活化後增能作用 (postactivation potentiation, PAP) 及結合全身性振動運動 (whole-body vibration exercise, WBV) 對於田徑短跑運動員在100 m衝刺表現的影響。方法：以13名短距離運動員為研究對象。受試者分別接受三種不同的實驗處理，包括WBV (5組 × 30秒、30 Hz、± 1.8 mm) 結合PAP處理 (5組 × 1次 × 90%1RM) 、PAP處理 (5組 × 1次 × 90%1RM) 及控制處理。本研究採重覆量數、平衡次序原則之設計。標準化熱身後，測驗第一趟100 m衝刺，測驗結束後再休息4分鐘，緊接進行實驗處理，受試者隨機接受3種不同實驗處理，WBV+PAP、PAP以及控制處理，實驗處理後立即檢測身體自覺量表 (rating of perceived exertion, RPE) 並休息5分鐘，進行第二趟100 m衝刺測驗；控制處理則是在第一趟測驗100 m完後，休息4分鐘，緊接進行第二趟100 m衝刺測驗，衝刺前後記錄RPE。衝刺測驗使用紅外線光閘系統記錄每10 m的累積及分段計時。結果：PAP處理在10－20、80－90及90－100 m的分段表現明顯快於控制處理 (p< .05) ，WBV+PAP處理在80－90及90－100 m的分段表現亦明顯快於控制處理 (p < .05) 。WBV+PAP與PAP處理在0－90及0－100 m的累積時間表現顯著快於控制處理 (p < .05) 。RPE部分在第二趟100 m衝刺前及第二趟100 m衝刺後立即，皆發現PAP處理顯著低於CON處理 (p < .05) 。結論：以WBV+PAP或是PAP處理方式進行熱身時，皆能有效提升隨後100 m的衝刺表現，但高強度動態熱身可改善10－20 m之衝刺表現。Purpose: To investigate the effects of post-activation potentiation induced by the high-intensity dynamic warm-up with or without whole-body vibration exercise (WBV) on the 100 m sprint performance in well-trained sprinters. Methods: Thirteen sprinters were recruited in this randomized, balanced-order designed study, and were asked to perform three treatments, included whole-body vibration exercise (5 sets × 30 sec, 30 Hz, ± 1.8 mm) combined with post-activation potentiation (PAP, 5 sets × 1 reps × 90%1RM) (WBV+PAP), PAP (5 sets × 1 reps × 90%1RM), and control treatment (CON). After standardized warm up, participants performed the first 100 m sprint test. After 4-min rest, participants performed the WBV+PAP and PAP treatments. 5-min after treatment, participants performed the second 100 m sprint test. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was recorded before and after every sprint tests. In CON, the second 100 m sprint test was conducted immediately at 4-min after the first 100 m sprint. The segmental and accumulated times of sprint test were measured by the timing gate system. Results: The split time (10－20, 80－90 and 90－100 m) in PAP was significantly faster than those in control (p< .05), and the split time (80－90 and 90－100 m) in WBV+PAP was significantly faster than those in control (p < .05). The cumulative time (0－90 and 0－100 m) in WBV+PAP and PAP treatments were significantly faster than those in control (p < .05). Compare with CON, the RPE in PAP treatment was significantly lower at before and after second 100 meters sprint test (p < .05). Conclusion: Both WBV+PAP and PAP activities could improve the 100 m sprint performance in sprinters, however, the high-intensity dynamic warm-up could further enhance the 10－20 m sprint time.