臺灣華語的聲調等化現象--從臺北華語看起

Abstract

本研究分析台灣兩個世代與兩個族群間的華語聲調表現。結果顯示，官話外省人及閩南本省人之間的華語聲調差異，於一九五零年代，即已開始等化，並於大約兩個世代之內完成，較Trudgill 所提出的三個世代早了一個世代 (Trudgill 1986, 2004)。 本研究提出四項社會因素，解釋台灣華語的等化過程何以能在較短時間內完成。第一項因素為二次戰後由中國至台灣短暫但大量的移民型態，第二項因素為過去獨尊華語並壓制本土語言之政府語言政策，第三項為日治時期已建立之社會秩序與制度，第四項則為外省人與本省人之間的頻繁接觸。

Adopting Taipei as the representative of Taiwan Mandarin, this preliminary study of Mandarin leveling in Taiwan investigated the tonal leveling of Mandarin between Mandarin-Waishengren and Holo-Benshengren in Taiwan. The results indicated that the tonal leveling of Mandarin between these two ethnic groups started as early as between the first Taiwan-born Mandarin-Waishengren generation and their Holo peers, one generation earlier than the more general patterns suggested by Trudgill (Trudgill 1986, 2004). This leveling has nearly reached its completion in the following generation, taking approximately 30 years. Four factors were proposed to interpret the rapidity of this leveling – (1) the intensiveness of Waishengren immigration to Taiwan, (2) the exclusive Mandarin-only language policy, (3) the pre-established social order and infrastructure during the Japanese colonial period, and (4) the frequent contacts between Waishengren and Benshengren.