iPad®結合影片示範教學方案對國中重度自閉症學生生活技能之成效

Abstract

生活技能為自閉症者重要的教學目標之一。近年來研究顯示：經由影片示範教學，能有效教導自閉症者生活技能；且由於行動裝置的普及，使得影片示範的使用上更為靈活。然而以國內目前情況來說，針對重度自閉症者教導生活技能，以行動裝置結合影片示範教學的相關研究則較為匱乏，因此希望藉由本研究，驗證此教學方法能否有效教導重度自閉症學生生活技能。 本研究以兩位國中重度自閉症學生為研究對象，研究目的為：探討以iPad®結合影片示範教學方案，能否有效教導三項生活技能－－沖泡飲品、擦窗戶、洗碗，研究問題為：iPad®結合影片示範教學方案，對增進國中重度自閉症學生學習生活技能是否有成效，及其社會效度。研究設計採單一個案研究法之平行跨行為多探試設計，自變項為iPad®結合影片示範教學方案，依變項為生活技能表現之工作步驟正確度，來完成百分比。本研究共分為三個階段進行：基線期、介入期及維持期，以目視分析作為本研究資料結果的主要分析方法。 研究結果發現，自變項對兩位國中重度自閉症學生學習生活技能有成效，並具有良好的社會效度。本介入方案使用iPad®作為教學載具，在自然情境中執行影片示範教學。運用有效的影片示範要素，加上少至多提示系統的褪除策略以及增強策略，讓重度自閉症學生最終能夠精熟目標技能，即使提示褪除後也能獨立執行。由於執行示範影片教學需花費較高的成本，因此仍需探究是否有更符合經濟效益的介入方式，以期未來更能將此介入方案應用於實務當中。

It is important to learn life skills for people with autism. The current research shows video modeling intervention can teach people with autism effectively. Recently, widespread mobile devices facilitate implementation of video modeling. However, there is a few research about iPad®-based video modeling on life skills. Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of iPad®-based video modeling on life skills (drinks making, dish washing, windows cleaning) for secondary students with severe autism and social validity. Method: A single-subject, parallel multiple-probe-across-behaviors design was used to investigate the effectiveness of iPad®-based video modeling on enhancing independent life skills of 2 secondary students with severe autism. Results: The result showed that 2 participants significantly changed their target skills when this intervention was under implementation. Gains were maintained over one month. Additionally, the social validity of this study were high. Discussions and implication: Several effective elements of iPad®-based video modeling and implications for future research were discussed: