以眼球追蹤技術探討博物館展品結合擴增實境對參觀者注意力分配與學習成效的影響---以科教館心臟展品為例

Abstract

非制式教育近年來蓬勃發展，尤其博物館更是推動非制式科學教育的重要場域，若能了解參觀者在觀展時於不同媒介的注意力分配對於學習動機、學習成效的影響，將有助於改善博物館中展品的設計。本研究以眼球追蹤技術探討受試者觀看科教館心臟展品時的注意力分配狀況，並探討引入AR擴增實境技術結合原本的展品是否可以提升博物館參觀者的學習動機以及學習成效。實驗設計分實驗組與控制組，實驗組加入研究者開發之AR App。資料分析方面，根據前後測分數、各項眼動指標資料以及科學態度問卷，進行描述性統計、獨立與成對樣本T檢定、同質性檢定、單因子變異數分析(ANOVA)與相關性檢定(Pearson)。 研究結果發現，控制組中大部分受試者對於展品的文字部分投入較多注意力，而將注意力放在模型與操作上較多的受試者有較佳的學習成效。而實驗組在學習成效方面相比與控制組，有更顯著的進步；在博物館學習動機方面，實驗組也顯著高於控制組。因此，研究者建議科教館未來可以在現有的展品中增設更多模型與互動操作設備，並加入互動式AR 擴增實境的新興科技提升參觀者的學習動機與學習成效。Using the eye tracking technique, the study examined how museum visitors looked at the heart exhibit and if AR application could affect the attention distributions and improve the concept learning. To this end, the author dived participants into experimental group and control group, and the experimental group used the AR App during learning of heart structure in the National Taiwan Science Education Center. The results showed that most of the participants in the control group paid more attention to the written text of the exhibit. It was found that the more attention to the object model and the better the achievement. Compared to the control group, the experimental group showed higher improvement in their concept understanding and significantly higher interest in museum learning. Accordingly, the researcher of the study suggests that the museum can add more real models to the existing exhibits, and utilize interactive AR applications to enhance visitors ' interest and effectiveness of concept learning.