台灣銀髮族COVID-19疾病知識及幸福感研究：以台北市某社區為例

Abstract

近三年來，COVID-19疫情肆虐，造成全世界經濟、民生乃至個人的嚴重衝擊，非但影響生理健康，也嚴重威脅心理健康，遂本研究以個人基本屬性以及COVID-19知識探討其對心理幸福感之影響。本研究以便利抽樣對台北市士林區、台北市大同區、台北市北投區、台北市大安區、台北市萬華區65歲（含）以上之銀髮族進行問卷調查，透過在地樂齡據點，共回收390份有效問卷。研究結果發現，銀髮族之年齡、教育程度、退休前職業以及COVID-19知識程度與心理幸福感有顯著差異，且居住地、教育程度、退休前職業、COVID-19知識為心理幸福感之顯著預測因子，並由COVID-19知識得分情況來看，銀髮族對於我國傳染病之分類並無太多關切及了解；對COVID-19傳播途徑之概念則較為清晰；由個人基本屬性來看，年齡越大之銀髮族，其COVID-19知識及心理幸福感越低落，且教育程度越高及從事高度專業工作之銀髮族，於COVID-19知識及心理幸福感的表現也越良好。最後建議未來研究者針對銀髮族進行調查研究時，以紙本問卷進行收案較為妥當，若是有必要情況必須使用電子問卷，也將字體放大以利長者閱讀，並且可以配合社區節慶活動到現場進行收案。另外，由於本研究並沒有進行任何介入，遂建議後續研究者可以以單一組前測、後測的方式觀察銀髮族於疾病知識衛教課程介入前後，其知識水平及心理幸福感有無顯著差異，進一步驗證本研究之結果。In the past three years, the COVID-19 epidemic has been raging, causing severe impacts on the world's economy, people's livelihood and even individuals. It not only affects physical health, but also seriously threatens mental health. Therefore, this study explores its impact on psychological well-being based on basic personal attributes and knowledge of COVID-19. This study conducted a questionnaire survey on the elderly aged 65 and above in Shilin District of Taipei City, Datong District of Taipei City, Beitou District of Taipei City, Daan District of Taipei City, and Wanhua District of Taipei City by convenience sampling. A total of 390 valid questionnaires were recovered.The results of the study found that the age, education level, occupation, and COVID-19 knowledge level of the elderly were significantly different from psychological well-being, and the place of residence, education level, and COVID-19 knowledge were significant predictors of psychological well-being. It is found that, judging from the COVID-19 knowledge score, the seniors do not have much concern and understanding of the classification of infectious diseases in my country; the concept of the transmission route of COVID-19 is relatively clear; In terms of attributes, the older the elderly, the lower their COVID-19 knowledge and psychological well-being, and the more educated and engaged in highly professional jobs, the lower their COVID-19 knowledge and psychological well-being good.Finally, it is suggested that when future researchers conduct surveys and studies on the elderly, it is more appropriate to use paper questionnaires to collect cases. If necessary, electronic questionnaires must be used, and the fonts should also be enlarged to facilitate reading by the elderly, and they can be carried out on-site in conjunction with community festivals end. In addition, since this study did not carry out any intervention, it is suggested that follow-up researchers can use a single group of pre-test and post-test to observe whether there is any significant difference in the knowledge level and psychological well-being of the elderly before and after the intervention of the health education course on disease knowledge. Further verify the results of this study.