學步兒同情與分享的利社會行為探討
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Date
2019
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Abstract
本研究旨在探討學步兒同情與分享的利社會行為表現，並分析不同背景變項的差異以及兩者間的關聯。以立意取樣選取北部地區公共托育中心\公辦民營托嬰中心18個月、24個月、30個月的學步兒各二十四名，共七十二名研究對象。採用情境測驗法，分別蒐集學步兒在情境測驗中，同情與分享的利社會行為表現。本研究所使用的工具有二：分別為：「實驗者受傷」情境、「分享工具」情境。調查所得資料以SPSS23.0 統計軟體之描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關、階層迴歸等方式進行資料分析。本研究主要的發現如下：
一、18- 30個月的學步兒皆能表現「同情」與「分享」的利社會行為。
二、學步兒「同情」與「分享」的利社會行為，不因性別、家庭社經地位而有差異。
三、學步兒「同情」的利社會行為於24個月時明顯增加。
四、學步兒「分享」的利社會行為於18個月至30個月間持續地增加。
五、學步兒的「同情」表現越明顯，其「分享」表現也會越明顯。
六、學步兒的年齡能預測其「同情」與「分享」的利社會行為。
七、學步兒「同情」的利社會行為可以預測其「分享」的利社會行為。
八、學步兒「分享」的利社會行為可以預測其「同情」的利社會行為。
The purpose of this study was to explore prosocial behaviors of sympathy and sharing in toddlers, and to examine the relationships between different background variables. It is expected that the results of the study will take toddlers’ parents and teachers as reference. Participants of this study were 72 toddlers aged in 18 months, 24 months, 30 months (33 boys and 39 girls) in public infant day care center in northern Taiwan selected by purposive sampling. Toddlers’ sympathy and sharing were assessed by situation test. “Experimenter Hurt”, “Sharing Task” were used. The descriptive statistics, independent sample t test, one way ANOVA, Pearson product moment correlation, hierarchical regression analysis were applied to analysis data. The main findings were as follows: 1. Toddlers in 18 months, 24 months, and 30 months can manifest prosocial behaviors of sympathy and sharing. 2. There are no significant gender differences and SES differences in prosocial behaviors of sympathy and sharing in toddlers. 3. Prosocial behaviors of sympathy increase obviously in 24-30 months toddlers. 4. There was a continued increasing in prosocial behaviors of sharing in toddlers of 18 to 30 months. 5. The more prosocial behaviors of sympathy being observed, the more prosocial behaviors of sharing will show. 6. Age can predict toddlers’ prosocial behaviors of sympathy and sharing. 7. Prosocial behaviors of sympathy are able to forecast prosocial behaviors of sharing in toddlers. 8. Prosocial behaviors of sharing are able to forecast prosocial behaviors of sympathy in toddlers.
The purpose of this study was to explore prosocial behaviors of sympathy and sharing in toddlers, and to examine the relationships between different background variables. It is expected that the results of the study will take toddlers’ parents and teachers as reference. Participants of this study were 72 toddlers aged in 18 months, 24 months, 30 months (33 boys and 39 girls) in public infant day care center in northern Taiwan selected by purposive sampling. Toddlers’ sympathy and sharing were assessed by situation test. “Experimenter Hurt”, “Sharing Task” were used. The descriptive statistics, independent sample t test, one way ANOVA, Pearson product moment correlation, hierarchical regression analysis were applied to analysis data. The main findings were as follows: 1. Toddlers in 18 months, 24 months, and 30 months can manifest prosocial behaviors of sympathy and sharing. 2. There are no significant gender differences and SES differences in prosocial behaviors of sympathy and sharing in toddlers. 3. Prosocial behaviors of sympathy increase obviously in 24-30 months toddlers. 4. There was a continued increasing in prosocial behaviors of sharing in toddlers of 18 to 30 months. 5. The more prosocial behaviors of sympathy being observed, the more prosocial behaviors of sharing will show. 6. Age can predict toddlers’ prosocial behaviors of sympathy and sharing. 7. Prosocial behaviors of sympathy are able to forecast prosocial behaviors of sharing in toddlers. 8. Prosocial behaviors of sharing are able to forecast prosocial behaviors of sympathy in toddlers.
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Keywords
分享, 同情, 利社會行為, 學步兒, prosocial behavior, sympathy, sharing, toddler