代間運動對高齡者生活滿意度與幸福感及心理憂鬱之研究

Abstract

根據 2020 年國家發展委員會人口統計資料顯示，臺灣已於 2018 年成為高齡化社 會，推估 2025 年邁入超高齡社會，高齡者比例將超過 20%，高齡人口比例逐漸增加， 瞭解高齡者生活已是目前首要目標。隨著高齡者年紀增長、身體老化、慢性疾病等因素， 而影響高齡者的心理情緒，嚴重甚至引起憂鬱的情況，過往研究透過代間共同學習、伴 讀、社區服務...等，探討對於高齡者心理狀況的改變，較少研究針對運動做探討，因此 為瞭解代間運動對高齡者心理幫助，本研究透過實驗組 1 及實驗組 2 的方式，探討代間 元素對其心理幫助之成效。研究對象共 77 位，實驗組 1 共有 36 位，實驗組 2 共有 41 位，進行 8 週代間運動之課程。本研究於實驗組 1 中加入大學生一同參與，作為代間元 素，實驗組 2 則無代間元素介入。藉由生活滿意度、幸福感及心理憂鬱之問卷進行前、 後測之分析。結果顯示:實驗組 1 的生活滿意度、幸福感與心理憂鬱皆達顯著進步，實 驗組 2 的幸福感及心理憂鬱達顯著進步，生活滿意度則無。在進步幅度方面，實驗組 1 較實驗組 2 的生活滿意度與幸福感皆達顯著進步，心理憂鬱的進步幅度與實驗組 2 相比 則無顯著差異。因本研究時間設計僅有為 8 週，所以在心理憂鬱進步幅度上成效有限， 未來若能將代間運動的安排期程延長，可以使高齡者在心理狀況上達到更顯著的效果。

According to the population statistics of the National Development Council in 2020, Taiwan has entered an aging society since 2018 and it is estimated that by 2025, it will transition into a super-aged society, with the proportion of elderly people will exceeding 20%. As the proportion of elderly population gradually increase, understanding the lives of the elderly has become a primary goal. With the factors of aging, physical deterioration, and chronic diseases affecting the psychological well-being of the elderly, there have been cases of severe emotional issues, including depression. Previous studies have focused on intergenerational learning, companionship, community services, and other aspects to explore the changes in the psychological condition of the elderly. However, there has been limited research on the impact of physical activities, specifically exercise, on the psychological well-being of the elderly. To understand the psychological helps of intergenerational exercise for the elderly, this study employed two experimental groups, namely Experimental Group 1 and Experimental Group 2, to investigate the effectiveness of intergenerational elements in providing psychological support. The study included a total of 77 participants, with 36 in Experimental Group 1, which were involved university student, and 41 in Experimental Group 2, engaged in an 8-week intergenerational exercise program. In Experimental Group 1, university students were involved as part of the intergenerational element, while Experimental Group 2 did not have any intergenerational intervention. The participants' levels of life satisfaction, happiness, and psychological depression were assessed using questionnaires before and after the 8-week intergenerational exercise program. The results showed that Experimental Group 1 demonstrated significant improvements in life satisfaction, happiness, and psychological depression. Experimental Group 2 showed significant improvements in happiness and psychological depression, but not in life satisfaction. In terms of the extent of improvement, Experimental Group1 exhibited more significant progress in life satisfaction and happiness compared to Experimental Group 2, while there was no significant difference in the improvement of psychological depression between the two groups. Since the study's duration was limited to 8 weeks, the effectiveness of the improvement in psychological depression was somewhat constrained. For future studies, extending the duration of intergenerational exercise programs may lead to more pronounced effects on the psychological well-being of the elderly.