清代大溪墘庄閩、客宗族互動關係之探討：以姜、范姜、郭三姓為例

Abstract

雍正13 年( 1735 )郭振岳與姜勝本向南崁社土官老密氏等購買土地招佃開墾，郭振岳原名郭振掬，為新屋鄉永安村郭氏渡臺始祖，祖籍為潭州府龍溪縣昇平堡。一群祖籍惠州府陸豐縣大安墟鹽墩鄉的姜姓宗族，約於1735-1736年間渡海來臺。《范姜姓族譜》記載范姜殿高等5 位兄弟於1736-1758年間自祖籍地惠州府海豐縣公平墟陸續渡臺，抵大溪墘庄拓墾。就族群而論，郭姓宗族代表潭州閩系，姜姓宗族代表海陸閩系，范姜姓則代表海陸閩系過渡到海陸客系的角色。郭振掬先居臺南， 1722 年遷淡水廳大溪墘，業戶報陞戶名為「郭振岳」其開墾的土地非常廣大，東至高山頂，西至海涯，南至大溪(今社子溪) ，北至大堀溪(今觀音鄉境內)。乾隆9 年( 1744 )郭振岳與姜勝本對半均分土地，拈定大溪瓏西胖，姜勝本墾號則拈得大溪權東畔土地。《范姜姓族譜》宣稱姜勝本業戶圖記為渡臺而且之一的范姜殿高(姜殿高)所有，但在乾隆16 年(1 751) 認墾大溪墘中興莊前土地的契字上文「今有個姜般高自己前來給出墾單」既是作為大溪墘庄墾佃的姜殿高，但為何不署名范姜殿高?如何會是姜勝本墾號的領導人?范姜姓與姜姓的淵源如何?均引發此兩姓後代的爭論。大溪墘庄是清代北臺械們最少地區之一，促使本區族群關係相對和諧的原因與這三姓背後所代表的族群及其地緣、血緣性有密切關聯。

The Jiangshengben and Guozhengyue Enterprises borrowed the farmlands from the aboriginal's society, and beckoned the pioneers in 1735. Jhenyu Guo (the original name of Guozhenyue) is the earliest ancestor of the Guo clan living in the Yong'an village, Xinwu Township, Taoyuan County. The ancestral home of ‘Guo' was the Shengping building in Longxi County, Jhangjhou Fu. The ancestral home of the Jiang families is Da'anxu, Lufong County, Huijhou Fu, and the Jiang families immigrating to Taiwan in 1735-1736. Grounding for the “ Fanjiang's Pedigree" ‘the five Fanjiang brothers' emigrated from the Gongpingxu, Haifong County, Huijhou Fu in 1736-1758, and then taking up their residences in the Daxiqian farm village. According to the class of ethnic or social groups, the Guo clan represents the Jangjhou Southern Min social group, the Jiang represents the Hailu Southern Min social group and the Fanjang represents the Hakka ethnic group. The farmlands belonging to the Guozhengyue was very wide, the easternmost: Kaoshanding village, westernmost: the sea, southernmost: the Shezih Creek and the northernmost: Daku Creek. The Jiangshengben and Guozhengyue Enterprises share the Daxiqian farm village out equally in 1744. The Jiangshengben allotted the eatern and the Guozhengyue allotted the western. The “ Fanjiang's Pedigree" declare that the ‘ signet' of Jiangshengben Enterprises belonged to the Fanjiang family. But according to one old contract signed in 1751 , the ‘ Fanjiang' was one smallholder under Jiangshengben Enterprises, and therefore the ‘ Fanjiang' wasn't the boss of Jiangshengben Enterprises. How was relationship between the Jiang and Fanjiang? The Daxiqian farm village was the most tranquil region in northern Taiwan for the duration of the Qing Dynasty. And the harmonious relationship between Southern Min and Hakka ethnic groups in this region was based on the linguistic, blood and geographical relationship behind the three clans.