女運動員體型意識與飲食行為、身體組成之探討

Abstract

本研究探討女運動員體型意識與運動訓練對其飲食行為及身體組成之影響。大學女生（18~22歲）依運動訓練與否分為二組：運動組40人及靜態組41人；進行飲食態度問卷調查、飲食與運動習慣問卷調查、身體組成測量。資料收集完後，以獨立樣本t考驗分析差異，發現運動組期望體型較靜態組纖細，體型不滿意度較高(p<0.05)，較有節食之傾向(p<0.01)。運動組各類食物攝取代換數皆未達建議量，且五穀類、蔬菜類攝取代換數、三餐之熱量攝取皆低於靜態組(p<0.05)，但運動組非正餐（點心、飲料）之熱量攝取則高於靜態組(p<0.05)。早餐、宵夜的攝食頻率，二組間無顯著差異；午、晚餐的攝食頻率，靜態組顯著高於運動組(p<0.005)。運動組受試者之除脂體重顯著高於靜態組者(p<0.01)。本研究受試者之體型意識影響其飲食態度，但不影響飲食攝取；身體組成則較受長期運動訓練之影響。

The study investigated the associations among body image, exercise training, dietary behavior, and body composition in female athletes. Based on the level of exercise training, university female students (aged 18~22 years) were divided into two groups: an exercise group (n=40) and a sedentary group (n=41). We examined the results of the Eating Attitudes Test, dietary behavior, exercise habits, and body composition. The desire to be slender by dieting, and body dissatisfaction were significantly stronger for exercise subjects than sedentary subjects (p<0.05). The energy intakes from snacks and drinks were significantly higher in exercise subjects than sedentary subjects (p<0.05), whereas the amounts of grains (Ex/day) and vegetables (Ex/day) consumed, and the energy intake from meals were significantly lower (p<0.05). There was no difference in the frequency of breakfast or late snack consumption between the two groups, but the frequency of lunch and supper consumption by the sedentary group was significantly higher than that by the exercise group (p<0.005). The fat-free mass of the exercise subjects was significantly higher than that of sedentary subjects (p<0.01). The body image of the female subjects affected their eating attitudes, but did not affect their dietary intake. The body composition of these students was primarily influenced by participation in long-term exercise training.